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drugs etc Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Side effects of beta blockers

A

erectile dysfunction, cold hands + feet, bradycardia

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2
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

they are ventilators

increase venous capacity –> reduction in preload

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3
Q

how does aspirin work?

A

cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor
reduces prostaglandin synthesis, results in decreased platelet aggregation.
Is antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic

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4
Q

what do statins do?

A

reduce the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver

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5
Q

what does angiotensin II do?

A

increased sympathetic activity
release of aldosterone
vasoconstriction

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6
Q

Why use opiates with caution for ACS?

A

they can delay absorption of PY12 inhibitors

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7
Q

1st line management for ACS (pre-hospital)

A

MONA

morphine, oxygen, nitrate, aspirin

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8
Q

What is clopidogrel and its metabolism?

A

a P2Y12 inhibitor. has to be metabolised to its active form by 2 steps in the liver

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9
Q

Side effects of anti platelet drugs

A

increased risk of bleeding, rash, GI disturbance

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10
Q

what do anticoagulants target?

A

formation and/or activity of thrombin

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11
Q

Tx for STEMI

A

primary angioplasty/thrombolysis
BBs (atenolol)
ACE-i (lisinopril)

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12
Q

Tx for ACS without ST elevation

A

BB + IV nitrates (gylceryl trinitrate)
antithrombotic: fondaparinux or heparin
Dual anti platelet therapy: aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor

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13
Q

ABCDE for CXR in left ventricular failure

A 
A - Alveolar oedema ('Bat's' wings)
B - Kerley B lines (insterstial oedema)
C - cardiomegaly
D - Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
E - pleural effusion
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14
Q

HF investigations

A

ECG - may indicate cause
BNP

if either is abnormal –> echo
(if both normal: HF unlikely)

CXR
Bloods

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15
Q

A loop diuretic for chronic HF management

A

furosemide

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16
Q

An ACE-i for chronic HF management

A

ramipril /lisinopril

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17
Q

an ARB

A

Candesartan

candy and tartan

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18
Q

A beta-blocker HF

A

carvediol

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19
Q

What is spironolactone?

A

an aldosterone antagonist

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20
Q

Name 2 vasodilators

A

Hydrazine & isosorbide dinitrate (HID)

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21
Q

Acute HF management

Study These Flashcards
A 
oxygen
monitor ECG - treat any arrhythmias
Diamorphine IV
Furosemide IV
GTN spray
22
Q

What does Ivabradine do?

Study These Flashcards
A

blocker of the If current in the SA node
slows sinus node rate
agent for treating angina
(iv a brad - housemate)

23
Q

What causes rheumatic fever?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pharyngeal infection with streptococcus progenies

group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus

24
Q

Management for HCM

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A

Amiodarone: reduces risk of arrhythmia & sudden death
BBs and verapamil (CCB): chest pain
Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

25
DCM Tx
Bed rest Diuretics, digoxin, ACE-i, anti coat, biventricular pacing ICD cardiac transplant
26
Tx pericarditis
analgesia treat CAUSE steroids may increase risk of reoccurrence
27
Tx for pericardial tamponade or pericardial effusion?
pericardiocentesis send fluid for culture and treat the cause!!
28
Step 1 in antihypertensive Rx
if 55 / black: C
29
Step 2 in antihypertensive Rx
A + C
30
Step 3 in antihypertensive Rx
A + C + D
31
Step 4 in antihypertensive Rx
Resistant HTN: | A+C+D+ consider further diuretic or alpha-blocker or beta-blocker
32
3 types of diuretics
thiazides: most common loop diuretics (frusemide) - used in resistant cases potassium sparing diuretics
33
what do thiazides do?
block reabsorption of sodium at distal convoluted tubule of kidney
34
Side effects of ACE-i
bradykinin-mediated: angio-oedema (face, tongue, throat), persistent dry cough (20%)
35
2 subclasses of CCBs
dihydropyridines e.g. nifedipine: peripheral vasodilators AE: headache/palpitations, peripheral oedema verapamil: negative inotrope & vasodilator SEs: HF, constipation
36
Mx for PAD or CLI
RF control Surgical intervention: bypass, endarterectomy for claudication: supervised exercise program
37
Mx acute limb ischaemia
Emergency! 4-6hrs to save limb surgery thrombolysis - alteplase
38
Tx for phantom limb pain?
gabapentin
39
Mx hypvolameic shock
fluids/blood transfusion, FFP (fresh frozen plasma)/platelets
40
Tx for anaphylactic shock
secure airway adrenaline chlorphenamine (anthist) + hydrocortisone IV
41
Tx of septic shock
ideally take cultures before antibiotics give antibiotics within 1st hour. e.g. tazocin + gentamicin + vancomycin fluid bolus
42
Tx sinus tachycardia
Treat underlying cause | BBs may be used to slow sinus rate
43
Acute Mx for AV junctional tachycardia if haemodynamically stable?
Increase vagal stimulation of the sinus node by Valsalva mechanism Adenosine
44
What is adenosine and what's its mechanism of action?
short-acting AV nodal-blocking drug that will terminate most junctional tachycardias Increases AV node refractoriness, breaking the re-entry circuit --> cardioversion
45
How would you control the rate therapeutically for AF?
BB or calcium antagonists
46
Rhythm control management for AF?
Electrical direct current (DC) cardioversion and then administration of BBs to suppress the arrhythmia
47
Tx for ventricular ectopics
beta blockers if symptomatic e.g. atenolol
48
Tx of long QT syndrome
underlying cause + IV isoprenaline (ß adrenoreceptor agonist similar to adrenaline)
49
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of platelets in the blood. This causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.
50
intrathecal administeration
direct into csf so reaches brain

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