Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology > Drugs for Inflammation > Flashcards

Drugs for Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what is acute inflammation?

A
  • associated with physical injury, chemical damage, infection, antigens
  • lasts 8-10 days, followed by repair and healing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is chronic inflammation?

A
  • may occur if the body is unable to contain or neutralize the agent causing initial inflammation
  • leading to tissue damage, with symptoms worsening over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is produced when tissue is damaged?

A
  • arachidonic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

arachidonoyl ester is converted into arachidonic acid by what enzyme?

A

-phospholipase A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what enzyme converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins

A
  • cyclooxygenase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what purpose cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 have?

A

COX 1: recruits platelets

COX 2: makes pro-pain and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do prostaglandins do?

A
  • enhance vasodilation, gastric cytoprotection, decrease gastric acid production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does thromboxane A2 do?

A
  • stimulates platelet aggregation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what enzyme converts arachidonic acid into leukotrienes?

A

-lipoxygenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do leukotrienes do?

A
  • enhance immune response

- bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the goal of anti-inflammatory drugs?

A
  • to prevent or decrease the intensity of the inflammatory response and reduce fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two primary drug classes for anti-inflammatory drugs?

A
  • NSAIDS

- glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are NSAIDs used for?

A
  • mild to moderate pain, inflammation and fever by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of cyclooxygenase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an example of an irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase ?

A

-aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are glucocorticoids used for?

A
  • severe or disabling inflammation

- used for short term control of severe disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are cyclooxygenase-1 enzymes located?

A
  • present in all tissues
17
Q

where are cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes located?

A
  • present at sites of tissue injury
18
Q

what is the function of cyclooxygenase-1?

A

-protects gastric mucosa, supports kidney function, promotes platelet aggregation

19
Q

what is the function of cyclooxygenase-2?

A

-mediates inflammation, sensitizes pain, mediates fever in the brain

20
Q

what does the inhibition of COX1 and COX2 enzymatic activity do?

A
  • reduces inflammation and fever
  • inhibits the formation of gastric mucosa
  • increases gastric acid secretion
  • inhibits platelet aggregation
21
Q

what risks are associated with selective COX2 inhibitors?

A

-high risk of MI, stroke, and asymptomatic hypertension

22
Q

what are the two options of glucocorticoid therapy?

A
  • systemic glucocorticoid therapy

- topical and intranasal glucocorticoids

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action for systemic glucocorticoid therapy?

A
  • inhibits the release of histamine
  • blocks the activity of phospholipase A2 and COX2 enzymes
  • inhibits the immune response
24
Q

what are adverse effects of systemic glucocorticoid therapy?

A
  • adrenal insufficiency, hyperglycaemia, mood changes, osteoporosis, immunosuppression
25
Q

what is the mechanism of action for topical and intranasal glucocorticoids?

A
  • inhaled (asthma, COPD)
  • creams (rashes)
  • intranasal (rhinitis)
26
Q

what is a fever and what can occur if prolonged?

A
  • defence mechanism designed to eradicate infection

- febrile seizures, tissue damage, reduced mental acuity

27
Q

how are NSAIDS associated with fever?

A
  • Reyes syndrome (most common between 4-14 years of age)
  • associated with previous illness, and use of aspirin, brain inflammation, fatty deposits in the liver, death within days
28
Q

what are the three mechanisms of action of antihistamines?

A
  • block the action of histamine on the H1 receptor, for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
  • induces sedative effects
  • effective for the treatment of motion sickness
29
Q

what is anaphylaxis?

A
  • hyperimmune and hyper inflammatory responses to an antigen
30
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A
  • itching, hives, tightness in throat and chest
  • swelling of the larynx
  • rapid fall in blood pressure, bronchoconstriction, tachycardia
31
Q

what does an alpha 1 receptor (adrenergic agonist) do?

A
  • increase blood pressure
32
Q

what does a beta 1 receptor (adrenergic agonist) do?

A
  • increase cardiac output
33
Q

what does a beta 2 receptor (adrenergic agonist) do?

A
  • bronchodilation
34
Q

how does acetaminophen work?

A
  • direct action on the hypothalamus

- dilation of peripheral blood vessels

pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions