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pharmacology > Drugs for Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Drugs for Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three major classes of neurotransmitters?

A
  • small molecule neurotransmitters
  • neuropeptides
  • neurotransmitter gases
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2
Q

what are the monoamines?

A
  • dopamine (DA)
  • serotonin (5-HT)
  • epinephrine (E)
  • norepinephrine (NE)
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3
Q

what are the two neurotransmitter systems?

A
  • noradrenergic system

- serotonergic system

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4
Q

Principle neurotransmitter and location of the noradrenergic system

A
  • norepinephrine

- originating from the locus coerulus projecting to the limbic system and cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Principle neurotransmitter and location of the serotonergic system

A
  • serotonin

- originating from the raphe nuclei projecting to the limbic system and cerebral cortex

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the noradrenergic system?

A
  • maintains emotional tone (mood, wakefulness, arousal)
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7
Q

what is the purpose of the serotonergic system?

A
  • maintains sleep-wake cycle, emotional tone, and sensory perceptions
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8
Q

what enzyme metabolizes the noradrenergic system and the serotonergic system?

A

MAO- monoamine oxidase

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9
Q

define mood disorder

A
  • a persistent disturbance in mood that impairs a persons ability to effectively deal with normal ADL’s
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10
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of major depressive disorder (depression)?

A
  • lack of energy
  • sleep disturbances
  • abnormal eating patterns
  • feelings of guilt or hopelessness
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11
Q

what is situational depression?

A
  • short-lasting, often reactive as a result circumstances
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12
Q

what is postpartum depression?

A
  • presents 2 weeks to 6 months after childbirth
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13
Q

what is seasonal affective disorder?

A
  • associated with dark winter months and lower levels of natural light
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14
Q

what do anti-depressants do?

A
  • treat depression by enhancing mood; phobias, OCD, panic attacks, anxiety, and PTSD
  • effective in treating both the psychological and physical signs of pain
  • used for the management of childhood enuresis
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15
Q

how do anti-depressants exert their effects through actions on dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine?

A
  • blocking the enzymatic breakdown of NE

- slowing the reuptake of serotonin and NE

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16
Q

what are the two drug classes for treating depression?

A
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

- atypical anti-depressants

17
Q

what is the mechanism of action for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

A
  • inhibit serotonin reuptake into the presynaptic neuronal

- no affinity for histamine, alpha adrenergic, or muscarinic receptors

18
Q

what are some adverse effects with SSRIs?

A

-sexual dysfunction, nausea, headache, weight gain, anxiety, and sleep disturbances

19
Q

what are withdrawal effects with SSRIs?

A
  • nausea, dizziness, anxiety, tremor, and palpitations
20
Q

what are the four types of atypical antidepressants?

A
  • SNRIS, NDRIs, tricyclic anti-depressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors
21
Q

what is the mechanism of action of SNRIs?

A
  • inhibit reuptake of serotonin snd norepinephrine to elevate mood; may cause symptoms to improve early
  • also effective in the management of neuropathic pain; may increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage
22
Q

what is the mechanism of action of NDRIs?

A
  • can be used as an antidepressant and a smoking cessation
23
Q

what is contraindicated with NDRIs?

A

people with seizure disorders; less likely to induce sexual dysfunction, weight gain or insomnia

24
Q

what is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressant drugs?

A
  • inhibit norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake into the presynaptic neuron increasing norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the synapse
25
Q

what are some adverse effects of tricyclic anti-depressant drugs?

A
  • sedation, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, orthostatic hypotension
26
Q

what else can tricyclic anti-depressants treat?

A
  • depression

- neuropathic pain

27
Q

what is the mechanism of action for Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors?

A
  • deaminates dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
28
Q

what are some adverse effects of MOA?

A
  • orthostatic hypotension, headache, insomnia, diarreha
29
Q

when are MOAs used to treat depression?

A
  • when other antidepressant drugs are not effective; last option
30
Q

what is serotonin syndrome? how is it caused?

A
  • associated with extreme increases in serotonin levels; resulting in mental status changes, hypertension, tremors, sweating, and ataxia
  • caused by co-administration of drugs that increase serotonin
31
Q

what is bipolar disease?

A
  • characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania
32
Q

define mania

A
  • characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania
33
Q

what are some signs/symptoms of mania

A
  • inflated self esteem
  • reduce need for sleep
  • racing thoughts
  • agitation
  • pressure to keep talking
34
Q

what are the three mood stabilizers?

A
  • lithium
  • anti seizure drugs
  • atypical neuroleptic drugs
35
Q

what is the mechanism of action for lithium?

A
  • inhibits the synthesis of PIP, decreasing the generation of IP3 and DAG
36
Q

what do you monitor with lithium ?

A
  • serum levels must be monitored 5 days post any change in regimen
  • 12 hour serum level every 3 months
  • creatinine, urinalysis every 3-6 months
37
Q

what are some signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity?

A
  • muscle weakness, lack of coordination, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, twitching, polyuria, mental confusion
38
Q

what are adverse effects of anti seizure drugs?

A
  • dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, blurred vision, sedation
39
Q

what are atypical neuroleptic drugs used for?

A
  • used in the management of schizophrenia

pharmacology (14 decks)

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