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Anesthesiology Master > Drugs (MC) > Flashcards

Drugs (MC) Flashcards

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1
Q

Anticholinergic drugs

A

Atropine - (BBB & BPB)Glycopyrolate - longer

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2
Q

Uses of Anticholinergics

A

Tx of Bradycardia caused by vagal stimualtion

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3
Q

Anticholinergics EffectsCNSCVRespAnalgesia Reversible

A

CNS - No effectsCV - Vasoconstriction –> dumps blood into central compartment –> Increase SV –> increase HRResp - Increase via BronchodilationAnalgesia - NOReversible - NO

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4
Q

Other facts about Anticholinergics

A

Increase sphincter tonemydriasis (dilation of the pupil)** Decrease GI Motility **decrease mucus secretions

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5
Q

Phenothiazine drugs

A

Acepromazine (4-6hrs)

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6
Q

Uses of Phenothiazines like Ace.

A

Pre-medSedation in combo w/opioids or alpha 2 agonists

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7
Q

Phenothiazine (Ace.) EffectsCNS CVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

Ace - D2 antag/ A1 antagCNS - Anti-emetic; No ataxia; SedationCV- vasodilation –> decrease BP; protects heart from catecholamine induced arrhythmias; adrenaline reversal; if act on B2 receptors –> double vasodilation –> severe decrease in BPResp- NOAnalgesia - NOReversible - NO

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8
Q

Other facts about Phenothiazine (Ace.)

A

Antiemeticnegative thermoregulation (poikilothermic)ParaphimosisPriapismdecrease PCV –> RBC sequestering in spleen

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9
Q

Butryophenone drugs

A

Azaperone

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10
Q

Butyrophenone uses

A

Sedation ONLY in pigsin combo with ketamine for anx

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11
Q

Butyrophenone effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- sedation with no ataxiaCV- Vasodilation; decrease BPResp- NOAnalgesia - NOReversible- NO

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12
Q

Other facts about Butyrophenone (Azaperone)

A

Like Ace S/E less pronounced

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13
Q

Alpha 2 Agonists - Drugs

A

shortest acting to longest actingXylazine DetomidineRamifidineMedatomadineDexdomitor

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14
Q

A2 agonists Uses

A

Premed - alone or in combo with opioidsSedation - +/- opioidsBalanced AnxPeriop Anx

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15
Q

A2 Agonist EffectsCNSCV Resp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- sedation; muscle relax; CAVE- horses and aggressive dogsCV- Vasoconstriction –> increase BP –> decrease HR; bradyarrhythmia; centrally mediated hypotensionResp- decrease RR; Lung edema in ruminants esp sheepAnalgesia- YesReversible - Yes; Atipamazole (dexmedetomidine and medetomidine); Yohimbine (xylazine) ; Tolazaline (xylazine)

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16
Q

Other facts about A2 agonists

A

EmeticHypothermiadecrease GI motilityincrease urine productionHyperglycemia

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17
Q

Benzodiazepine drugs

A

DiazepamMidazolamZolazepam

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18
Q

Benzodiaz. uses

A

SedationMuscle relaxgood in compromised pts

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19
Q

Benzodiaz. effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- sedation, muscle relax, anticonvulsantCV- NOResp- Minimal but increase resp depression caused by anestheticsAnalgesia- Minimal Reversible - Flumazenil

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20
Q

Other facts about Benzos

A

CAVE horsesIn healthy adults +/- paradoxic runsOnly good in young/old

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21
Q

Central Muscle Relaxants drugs

A

Guaifenesin Zolazepam ?????

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22
Q

Guaifenesin (central mus. relax.) uses

A

ONLY in horses to improve muscle relax in combo with ketamine

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23
Q

Guaifenesin (central mus. relax.) effectsCNSCV Resp AnalgesiaReversible

A

CNS- Central MM relax.; Anticonvulsant; AtaxiaCV- NOResp- Minimal Analgesia - NOReversible - NO

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24
Q

Other facts - Guaifenesin (central mus. relax.)

Study These Flashcards
A

Very irritatingHemolytic @ [high]Useful dose rate –> high vol. in inj.

25
Opioids - Pure Agonist drugs
MorphinePentidineHydromorphineMethadoneFentanylRemifentanilAlfentanil
26
Opioids - Partial Agonists
Buprenorphine
27
Opioids - Agonist/Antagonist
Agonist (Kappa recep)Antagonist (Mu recep)***Butorphenol***
28
Opioids - Pure Antagonist
NaloxoneNaltrexone
29
What Opioid reverses Opioid Pure Agonists
***Naloxone***which is an opioid - pure antagonist
30
Opioid uses
Premeds/just sedationIn combo w/sedatives --> additive/synergistic effectsPeriop analgesiaIntraop analgesia (balanced anx)
31
Opioid --> mostly visceral; *very low S/E*
Butorphenolopioid - agonist/antagonist
32
Opioid --> commonly used in zoos
Naloxoneopioid - pure antagonist
33
Opioids EffectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible
CNS- Mild sedation; analgesia; behavioral changes (horse/cat)CV- Histamine release after IV (Not Hydromorphine or Methadone); Decrease HR; Decrease BP; Vagal +Resp- Decrease RR; decrease sensitivity to increase arterial ppCO2; ***Most dangerous effect at high dose (pure ag.)in resp decrease***Analgesia - YESReversible- Buprenorphine (partial agonist) is difficult to antagonize --> strong affinity for mu receps; Naloxone (pure antag) reverses pure agonists and has shorter 1/2 t than most opioids
34
other facts about opioids
*Crosses placenta --> decrease resp rate in neonateexcreted in milk *Emetic --> anti-emeticincrease bladder sphincter toneantitussive (But.)primary --> constipation*Dogs --> Miosis (constriction of the pupil) and decrease temp*Cats --> Mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) and increase temp*Auditory sensitivity increase with fentanyl in cats can build up tolerance
35
Barbituate drugs
shortest - Thiopentalmiddle - Pentobarbitallongest - Phenobarbital
36
Barbituate Contraindications
Hepatic dzNeonates Grey houndsCachexia (wasting syndrome)Splenectomy C-section
37
Barbituate EffectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible
CNS- Fast induction; strong hypnosis (decrease ICP); neuroprotectant (anti-eleptics)CV - Arrhythmias; Decrease BP; Decrease CO --> tachyarrhythmia; MM relaxResp - NO Analgesia- NOReversible - NO
38
Barbituates other factors
*Quickest onset of action - shortest durationExtremely irritant Precipitates in LRSHypothermiaSlow recovery due to redistribution --> cumulates in fat
39
Propofol drugs
Propofol
40
Propofol effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible
CNS- decrease ICP; short acting; anticonvulsant; good hypnosis CV- decrease BP; decrease contractility; ***repeated doses --> heinz bodies in cats***; anemia***Resp depression*** (worst drawback)Analgesia - NOReversible - NO
41
Barbituate uses
Induction
42
Propofol uses
Widely usedIV sedationGood in small ruminantsGood with liver and kidneys
43
Propofol other facts
Give slowly to effect (resp -)Minimal accumulationsTwo formulasMyoclonus (sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles) after induction
44
Alfaxalone drugs
Alfaxalone
45
What kind of drug is Alfaxalone
***Neuroactive steroid***
46
Alfaxalone uses
Rapid anx onsetMin accumgood for CRI
47
Alfaxalone effectsCNSCVResp AnalgesiaReversible
CNS- decrease ICP; short acting; anticonvulsant; MM relaxCV - decrease contractility --> decrease BP --> reflex tachycardResp- depression (less than propofol) Analgesia- NOReversible - NO
48
Etomidate drugs
Etomidate $$$
49
Etomidate uses
Fast indction min CVNecrosis perivasc.
50
Alfaxalone other facts
Can be IMGive slowly to effectMuscle twitching following inductionStormy recovery despite sedation in cats
51
Etomidate effectsCNSCVRespAnalgesiaReversible
CNS- GABA; decrease ICPCV- NO effectResp - minimalAnalgesia - NOReversible - NO
52
Other factors - Etomidate
Myoclonus if no premeds --> give w/ mm relaxDecrease syn. of cortisol
53
Dissociative drugs
KetamineTiletamine
54
Dissociative drug uses (ketamine and tiletamine)
Induction in many speciesMaintenance for short procedures CRIIM inj. +/- pain
55
Contraindications for Dissociatives (ketamine and tiletamine)
Increased IOPHead traumaEpilepsyBrain tumorMyelogramC-section
56
Dissociatives effectsCNSCVRespAnalgesiaReversible
CNS- No hypnosis; Catalepsy (trancelike state of consciousness that is marked by a loss of voluntary motion); Reflexes maintained; Increased IOP; Increased ICP; increase O2 consumption --> increase HR and BP CV - Sympathetic stimulation; Increase HR and increase BPResp- Mild resp depression; bronchodilationAnalgesia- Yes (somatic)Reversible - NO
57
Other facts - Dissociatives (Ketamine and Tiletamine)
Cataleptic stateIV, IM, SQ, PO, recall (?)Increase salivationIncrease/Decrease tempNEVER USE ALONE!!!!!!Anesthetic depth is hard to assess
58
Extra facts about Tiletamine
***Longer DOA*** - combo with Zolazepam (decrease 1/2t)+/- long recovery (rough)Muscle rigidity, excite, seizureNo redoseGood in hard to anesthetize patients (wild animals)

Anesthesiology Master (20 decks)

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