Drugs midterm 1 Flashcards by Ethan Nieuwenhout

Q

Acetylcholine

A

AcHR agonist
-decrease HR,BP (via NO)
-visceral SM contraction
-increase glandular secretion

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Q

Pilocarpine

A

mAcHR agonist
-decrease HR,BP (via NO)
-visceral SM contraction
-increase glandular secretion
———
-Glaucoma (decrease ocular pressure)
-Sjogrens syndrome

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Q

Cevimeline

A

mAcHR agonist
-decrease HR,BP (via NO)
-visceral SM contraction
-increase glandular secretion
———
-Sjogrens syndrome (increase secretion)

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Q

Atropine

A

mAcHR antagonist
-increase HR,BP,
-decrease glandular secretion
-relax lungs, bladder, GI
————
-Bradycardia
-organophosphate poising

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Q

Hyoscine

A

mAcHR antagonist
-increase HR,BP,
-decrease glandular secretion
-relax lungs, bladder, GI
————
-Relax GI for endoscopy
-anti emetic effect

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Q

Trapicamide

A

mAcHR antagonist
-increase HR,BP,
-decrease glandular secretion
-relax lungs, bladder, GI
————
-dilate pupils (SM relaxation)

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Q

Ipratropium

A

mAcHR antagonist
-increase HR,BP,
-decrease glandular secretion
-relax lungs, bladder, GI
————
-asthma/COPD, relax lung SM

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Q

Benzotropine

A

mAcHR antagonist
-increase HR,BP,
-decrease glandular secretion
-relax lungs, bladder, GI
————
-Parkinsons (decreases unwanted movement)

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Q

Pancuronium

A

nAcHR antagonist
-non-depolarizing muscle block paralysis (motor endplate)
———-
N/A
———-
-Tachycardia from mAcHr block in heart
-Histamine release

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Q

Vecuronium

A

nAcHR antagonist
-non-depolarizing muscle block paralysis (motor endplate)
———-
N/A
———-
-Histamine release

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Q

Mivacurium

A

nAcHR antagonist
-non-depolarizing muscle block paralysis (motor endplate)
———-
N/A
———-
-Histamine release

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Q

Suxamethonium

A

nAcHR agonist
-depolarizing muscle block (long binding action keeps depolarized)
——–
N/A
——–
-bradycardia/ dysrhythmia (M2 agonist)
-increased ocular pressure (M3 agonist)

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Q

Botulinum toxin

A

wrinkle treatment
——-

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Q

Neostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor
-increase muscle tension (paralysis at high dose)
-CNS excitation then depression (depolarizing block)
———-
-myasthenia graves
———–
-unconsciousness (CNS depression)
-resp. failure

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Q

Physostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitor
-increase muscle tension (paralysis at high dose)
-CNS excitation then depression (depolarizing block)
———-
-myasthenia graves
———–
-unconsciousness (CNS depression)
-resp. failure

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Q

Adrenaline

A

Adrenergic Agonist
-increase BR,HR
-Constrict SM
———–
-hypotension
-anaphylactic shock
-cardiac arrest
————
-hypertension
-tachycardia
-reflex bradycardia

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Q

Noradrenaline

A

Adrenergic Agonist
-increase BR,HR
-Constrict SM
———–
-hypotension
————
-hypertension
-tachycardia
-reflex bradycardia

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Q

Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist
-Constrict SM
———-
-nasal congestion (via decreased blood flow
———-
-reflex bradycardia (response to high BP)
-hypertension

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Q

Salbutamol

A

Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
-Relax SM
-Increase HR/BP
——–
-asthma
-delayed labour
———-
-tachycardia
-tremor
-peripheral vasodilation

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Q

Salmuterol

A

Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
-Relax SM
-Increase HR/BP
——–
-asthma
———-
-tachycardia
-tremor
-peripheral vasodilation

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Q

Mirabegron

A

Beta 3 Adrenergic agonist
-Relax bladder
——-
overactive bladder
———
tachycardia

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Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha adrenergic antagonist
-relax SM
——–
pheochromocytoma
———
-hypotension
-reflex tachycardia
-nasal congestion

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Q

Prazosin

A

alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
-relax SM to lower BP
——–
-hypertension
———
-nasal congestion
-hypotension
-reflex tachycardia

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Q

Doxazosin

A

alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
-relax SM to lower BP
——–
-hypertension
———
-nasal congestion
-hypotension
-reflex tachycardia

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Propanolol

Beta adrenergic antagonist -constrict SM -lower HR -------- -hypertension -angina -tremor -glaucoma ---------- -Bradycardia -hypotension -lung SM constriction

alprenolol

Beta adrenergic partial agonist -constrict SM -lower HR -------- -hypertension -angina -tremor -glaucoma ---------- -Bradycardia -hypotension -lung SM constriction

Metoprolol

Beta 1 adrenergic antagonist -decrease HR -less broncoconstriction b/c of selectivity -------- -hypertension -angina -heart failure ------- -cardiac failure -cold limbs -fatigue

atenolol

Beta 1 adrenergic antagonist -decrease HR -less broncoconstriction b/c of selectivity -------- -hypertension -angina -heart failure ------- -cardiac failure -cold limbs -fatigue

Nebivolol

Beta 1 adrenergic antagonist -Lower heart rate -Dilate BV with NO release --------- -hypertension ---------- -Headache from dilation (NO)

Labetalol

Non selective adrenergic antagonist ------ -hypertension during pregnancy ------- -hypotension -bronco constriction

Carvedilol

All beta and alpha 1 antagonist -------- -Heart failure -------- -hypotension -reflex tachycardia -nasal congestion

Alpha-methyl-tyrosine

tyrosine hydroxylate inhibitor -prevents NA and adrenaline synthesis -------- -phaeochromocytoma --------- -hypotension -sedation

Methyldopa

Prodrug for methylnoradreanline

Methylnoradreanline

adrenergic partial agonist -metabolite of methyldopa -not degraded by MAO -will displace NA -------- -hypertension during pregnancy -------- -hypotension -sedation -diarrhoea

L-DOPS

-Prodrug covered to NA by DOPA decarboxylase ----- -neurogenic orthostatic hypotension ------ -hypertension : excitement : convulsions

amphetamine

NA modulator (agonist) -enters and displaces NA from vesicles -inhibits NA reuptake --------- -ADHA --------- -hypertension -dependence

ephedrine

Beta adrenergic agonist -Also stimulates NA release --------- -decongestant -CNS stim ------- -hypertension -dependence

imipramine

Inhibits NET (transporter) -also anticholinergic --------- -depression ------- -tachycardia -drymouth (cholinergic M3) -constipation

cocaine

inhibits NET -------- -CNS stim -local anesthetic ------- -hypertension -convulsions

Cimetidine

H2 receptor antagonist -reduces gastric acid secretion --------- stomach acid issues ---------

Diphenhydramine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -frist gen antihistamine -reduces immune response --------- -allergies -sleep ---------- -has anti, choleric, adrenergic and serotinergic effect -from that major sedation

Hydroxyzine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -frist gen antihistamine -reduces immune response --------- -allergies -sleep ---------- -has anti, choleric, adrenergic and serotinergic effect -from that major sedation

Certirzine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -2/3rd gen antihistamine -prevent immune response -less sedation due to selectivity and glycoprotein substrate ------ -allergies ------

Loratadine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -2/3rd gen antihistamine -prevent immune response -less sedation due to selectivity and glycoprotein substrate ------ -allergies ------

Fexofenadine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -2/3rd gen antihistamine -prevent immune response -less sedation due to selectivity and glycoprotein substrate ------ -allergies ------

Levocetrizine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -2/3rd gen antihistamine -prevent immune response -less sedation due to selectivity and glycoprotein substrate ------ -allergies ------

desloratadine

H1 receptor inverse agonist -2/3rd gen antihistamine -prevent immune response -less sedation due to selectivity and glycoprotein substrate ------ -allergies ------

Sumatriptan

5-HT B1 agonist -constrict cerebral arteries and inhibits trigeminal nerves ------- -aborts migraines -------- -coronary vasoconstriction -dysrhythmia

Other triptans

5-HT B1 agonist (all less potent than sumatriptan) -constrict cerebral arteries and inhibits trigeminal nerves ------- -aborts migraines -------- -coronary vasoconstriction -dysrhythmia

Pizotifen

5-HT 2 antagonist -inhibits cerebral artery constriction -------- -prevents migrane from starting --------- -weight gain -sedation -antimuscarinic effects

Adalimumab

Interleukins -Inhibits interlukin TNF alpha which reduces inflammation ------- -rheumatoid arthritis -chronhns disease

Alprostadil

PGE2 analog -vasodilation -pyrogenic -lung and GI SM effects ------ -Peripheral vasodilation

Misoprostol

PGE 2 analog -vasodilation -GI acid inhibition -GI muscus stimulation -cervix ripening -uturine contractions ----------- -ulcer prevention from NSAIDS -labour induction

Gemeprost

PGE 2 analog -vasodilation -cervix ripening -uturine contractions ------- abortion/ induce labour

Carboprost

PGF2 alpha analog -uterine contraction ------ -Prevent bleeding after birth

Lantanoprost

PGF2 Alpha analog -leaks fluid out of the eye ------- -glaucoma

epoprostenol

PGI2 analog -vasodilation -anti clotting ------- -pulmonary hypertension

Zafirlukast

CysLT antagonist -lung SM dilation (via block of leukotriene receptor) ------- -asthma

Montelukast

CysLT antagonist -lung SM dilation (via block of leukotriene receptor) ------- -asthma

Nabiximols

CB1/2 agonist -analgesia ----- -for pain

Nabilone

CB1/2 agonist -anti-emetic ---- -for people with cancer

Theophylline

Adenosine 1 receptor antagonist -bronchodilation ------- -asthma

ADP

P2Y agonist -stimulates clotting

ATP

P2X agonist -vasodilation (blocks K+ channels) -insulin secretion -pain transmission -inflammation ------------ -released from damaged cells to signal issue

Glucocorticoids

iNOS inhibitor -vasoconscriction -reduction of pain

Glyceryl trinitrate

NO donor -vaso dilation in heart ------- -angina - heart attack

Nirtoprusside

NO donor -decreases BP ----- -hypertension

Statins

increase NO production

Sildenafil

PDE5 inhibitor -vasodilation -decreased BP --------- -erectile dysfunction

Tadarafil

PDE5 inhibitor -vasodilation -decreased BP --------- -erectile dysfunction

Nicotine

nAChR agonist -increase HR/BP -CNS stimulant -increase gland secretion

Tubrocarine

nAChR antagonist -decrease BP -CNS depressant -block heart reflexes -paralytic

Cyproheptidine

5-HT 2 antagonist -vasodilation ------ -migraine