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BIOS 483 > Drugs Of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs Of Abuse Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Cycle of drug addiction

A
  1. Binge/intoxication
  2. Withdrawal/negative affect
  3. Preoccupation/anticipation
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2
Q

Binge/intoxication brain reward circuitry

A
  • mesolimbic pathway
  • basal ganglia
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3
Q

Binge/intoxication activation

A

Direct and/ or indirect DA activation

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4
Q

Binge/intoxication habit formation

A

Constant DA release can lead to increases in habit formation by basal ganglia alterations

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5
Q

Withdrawal/negative affect circuitry

A

Limbic circuitry
- amygdala
- extended amygdala

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6
Q

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

A
  • flight or fight HPA axis activation
  • stress
  • appetite
  • negative affect
  • withdrawal
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7
Q

Allostasis theory of addiction

A

Process of maintaining apparent reward function stability by changes in brain reward mechanisms

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8
Q

Preoccupation/anticipation circuitry

A

Executive control circuitry:
- prefrontal cortex (PFC)
- hippocampus

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9
Q

Preoccupation/anticipation

A

PFC: go and stop system
- PFC to basal ganglia circuits involved in incentive salience
- Diminished in addicts

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10
Q

Alcohol low doses symptoms

A
  • euphoria
  • analgesic
  • socialbility
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11
Q

Alcohol high doses symptoms

A
  • loss of coordination
  • memory loss
  • unconsciousness
  • death
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12
Q

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms

A
  • nausea/vomiting
  • negative affect
  • hallucinations
  • delerium tremens
  • death
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13
Q

Benzodiazepines class

A
  • depressant
  • GABAa agonist
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14
Q

Benzodiazepines types

A

Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, alprazolam, zolpidem, clonazepam, lorazepam

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15
Q

Benzodiazepines route of administration

A

Ingestion, inhalation, sublingual

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16
Q

Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms

A
  • sleep disturbances
  • increased tension
  • anxiety
  • panic attacks
  • difficulty concentrating
  • excessive sweating
  • heart palpitations
  • headache
  • muscular stiffness or discomfort
  • cravings
  • hand tremors
  • hallucinations
  • seizures
  • psychosis/psychotic reactions
  • increased risk of suicidal ideation
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17
Q

Marijuana class

A
  • depressant
  • hallucinogen
  • stimulant
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18
Q

Marijuana mechanism of action

A
  • lipid soluble
  • binds to CB receptor widespread
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19
Q

Marijuana effects

A
  • relaxation
  • eye reddening
  • mouth dryness
  • reduction or increases in anxiety/panic
  • hunger
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20
Q

Marijuana routes of administration

A
  • smoking
  • vaping
  • food
  • extract
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21
Q

Cocaine class

A
  • stimulant
  • DAT transporter (mesolimbic pathway)
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22
Q

Cocaine low doses symptoms

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A
  • intense euphoria
  • sexual arousal
  • sweating
  • increased HR
  • increased BT
23
Q

Cocaine high doses

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A
  • fornication
  • high blood pressure
  • heart attack
24
Q

Cocaine route of administration

Study These Flashcards
A
  • intranasally
  • IV
25
Crack class
- stimulant - blocks DAT transporter (mesolimbic pathway)
26
Crack effects
- Euphoria - increased HR - increased BT
27
Amphetamine class
stimulant
28
Amphetamine mechanism of action
Increase release of DA, NE, 5-HT, (mesolimbic pathway)
29
Amphetamine types
- Methyphenidate - benzedrine
30
Amphetamine effects
- alert - energetic - focused - cognitive enhancer - increased sex drive
31
Amphetamines routes of administration
- Ingestion - inhalation - IV
32
Methamphetamine class
Stimulant
33
Methamphetamine mechanism of action
Increased DA and glutamate release (mesolimbic pathway)
34
Methamphetamine low dose effects
- euphoria - intense sex drive - energy
35
Methamphetamine high dose effects
- psychosis - seizures - bleeding in the brain - meth mouth
36
Methamphetamine routes of administration
- inhalation - IV
37
Types of opiates
- heroin - morphine - methadone - codeine - fentanyl - oxycontin
38
Opiates mechanism of action
- act on opioid receptors (mu) - opioid receptors in RMtG - shut off GABA drive to DA neurons - PAG
39
Opiates effects
- analgesic - euphoria - dry mouth - respiratory depression - constipation - warm flush
40
Opiates route of administration
- inhalation - ingestion - IV
41
Heroin class
Synthetic opiate
42
Heroin effects
- intense euphoria - respiratory depression - alert and drowsy state - constricted pupils
43
Heroin route of administration
- IV - inhalation - smoked
44
Psilocybin mechanism of action
5HT2A agonist
45
Psilocybin effects
- euphoria - hallucinations - distorted sense of time - serene spirituality - nausea - panic attacks
46
Lysergic acid effects
- visual hallucinations - illusions - ego death - suicide ideation - pupil dilation - sweating
47
MDMA mechanism of action
- massive release of 5-HT - some NE, oxytocin
48
MDMA effects
- intense euphoria - intense sociability - dilated pupils - emotionality - enhanced sensation, touch, sexuality - sweating - increased BT - teeth grinding
49
MDMA route of administration
- inhalation - ingestion
50
Ketamine class
Dissociative anesthetic
51
Ketamine mechanism of action
Glutamate agonist
52
Ketamine effects
- trance-like state - hallucinations - amnesia - respiratory depression
53
Ketamine routes of administration
- inhalation - IV - ingestion

BIOS 483 (14 decks)

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