Hypothalamus

Question 1

Hypothalamus

Answer 1

• forms walls of 3rd ventricle
• infundibulum
• homeostasis

Question 2

Hypothalamus functions

Answer 2

• regulates body temperature
• regulates hunger and satiety in response to nutrient blood levels or hormones
• regulates water balance and thirst
• regulates sleep-wake cycles

Question 3

Anterior (supraoptic) nuclei

Answer 3

• preoptic
• paraventricular
• supraoptic
• suprachiasmatic
• anterior

Question 4

Anterior (supraoptic) nuclei functions

Answer 4

• cooling the body
• water balance (ADH)
• milk letdown (oxytocin)
• sleep cycle
• parasympathetic part of ANS and circadian rhythms

Question 5

Tuberal nuclei

Answer 5

• dorsomedial
• ventromedial
• arcuate

Question 6

Tuberal nuclei functions

Answer 6

• feeding
• satiety
• sexual behavior

Question 7

Mammillary nuclei

Answer 7

• medial
• intermediate
• lateral

Question 8

Hypothalamic damage

Answer 8

• severe body wasting
• obesity
• sleep disturbances
• dehydration
• emotional imbalances

Question 9

Appetite/feeding

Answer 9

• bilateral lesions of the lateral part of the hypothalamus: loss of appetite and starvation to death in presence of food
• bilateral lesions in ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus: no satisfaction and binge eating to obesity and display of rage

Question 10

Temperature regulation

Answer 10

• lesion to anterior nucleus: hyperthermia
• lesion to posterior nucleus: hypothermia

Question 11

Sleep inputs

Answer 11

• suprachiasmatic nucleus (anterior) receives input from retina via optic tract
• controls sleep and other circadian rhythms

Question 12

Pituitary gland function

Answer 12

Monitors and regulates many bodily functions through the production and release of hormones

Question 13

Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)

Answer 13

• produces several hormones in response to hormones from hypothalamus
• hormones from anterior pituitary go to other glands or tissue directly

Question 14

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)

Answer 14

• does not make hormones
• storage site for hormones made in hypothalamus supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Question 15

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 15

stress, growth, reproduction and lactation hormones:
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- thyroid stimulating hormone (STH)
- follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
- lutenizing hormone (LH)
- growth hormone (GH)
- prolactin (PRL)

Question 16

Posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 16

• mainly axonal projections from hypothalamus
• no production of hormones
• storage and release of hormones for fluid balance, maternal behavior: oxytocin, vasporessin