drugs of abuse

Question 1

drugs of abuse defined as

Answer 1

Drugs that have no medicinal purpose to them or high rate of abuse when given for medicinal purposes

Question 2

drug testing starts with (screen)

Answer 2

ELISA

-one screen can not tell someone is abusing a drug

Question 3

confirm with

Answer 3

GC-MS

Question 4

urine

Answer 4

look for metabolite
-test for specific gravity,urea, creatinine

-these make sure its actually urine

Question 5

hair

Answer 5

DOA will stay in hair for longer amounts of time

Question 6

if testing for legal purpose use

Answer 6

chain of custody

-every person who handles it must sign off

Question 7

stimulants

Answer 7

stimulate the central nervous system
-Amphetamines, cocaine

Question 8

hallucinogens

Answer 8

PCP, weed

Question 9

depressants

Answer 9

○ Depress the CNS
Valium, barbiturates

Question 10

narcotics and analgesics

Answer 10

○ Relieve pain
○ Opiates (heroin, morphine, codeine)

Question 11

amphetamine normal user will find in urine

Answer 11

1-2 days after taking the drug

compound: amphetamine

Question 12

amphetamine used to treat

Answer 12

narcolepsy, ADD, obesity

-can cause nervousness, decrease in appetite, sleeplessness

Question 13

amphetamine drug examples

Answer 13

Ritalin, Adderall, concerta

Question 14

base of amphetamine drugs

Answer 14

methylphenidate

Question 15

In ADD they believe what signal does not cross

Answer 15

norepinephrine

-these drugs help increase neurotransmitter

Question 16

Fen-Phen

Answer 16

major weight loss drug

-pulled off the market

Question 17

what did Fen-Phen cause

Answer 17

fatal pulmonary hypertension– several people died

Question 18

if cough syrup has _____ can cause stimulation

Answer 18

epinephrine or norepinephrine

Question 19

cocaine can be detected in urine

Answer 19

4 days after a single dose

20 days or up to 3 weeks in chronic users

Question 20

urine compound in cocaine

Answer 20

benzoylecgonine

Question 21

cocaine can cause

Answer 21

heart attacks, subdural hemorrhages

Question 22

what are the forms of cocaine

Answer 22

§ Hydrochloride salt- snorted
§ Smoked- crack cocaine
Liquid - injected

Question 23

ecstasy also called

Answer 23

MDMA- methylenedioxy-methamphetamine

Question 24

what classes are ecstasy

Answer 24

Stimulant and hallucinogen

-can cause severe panic attacks

Question 25

PCP/phencyclidine

Answer 25

-first was a numbing agent -pulled off the market also called angel dust, people thought they could fly

Question 26

what compound do we look for in PCP

Answer 26

phencyclidine

Question 27

what kind of drug are both hallucinogens (PCP and weed)

Answer 27

lipophilic -- settle in adipose tissue and release slowly

Question 28

marijuana

Answer 28

cannabinoid -still federally illegal so a job can not hire you even if legal in the state

Question 29

urine compound we look for in weed

Answer 29

THC- tetrahydroxy cannabinol

Question 30

what are barbiturates used for

Answer 30

mood disorders

Question 31

valium is considered a

Answer 31

benzodiazepine -sedative to calm down

Question 32

urine compound we look for in valium

Answer 32

diazepam

Question 33

primidone

Answer 33

barbiturate -must test for phenobarbital

Question 34

urine compound we look for in opiates

Answer 34

morphine or codeine

Question 35

where do opiates naturally come from

Answer 35

poppy seed

Question 36

chemically modified opiate called

Answer 36

heroin

Question 37

synthetic form of opiate called

Answer 37

methadone and Demerol

Question 38

toxicity of tylenol

Answer 38

>300

Question 39

what kind of damage does tylenol cause

Answer 39

Hepatic and nephrotic damage -look at liver and kidney function; liver enzymes

Question 40

what population is heightened tylenol hepatic damage found in

Answer 40

alcoholics

Question 41

how long does it take aspirin to get into circulation

Answer 41

6 hours

Question 42

what prevents aspirin from causing GI upset

Answer 42

slows the release when coated

Question 43

what does a baby aspirin help with

Answer 43

inflammation and keeps arteries unclogged

Question 44

Overdosing on regular aspirin can put you into

Answer 44

respiratory alkalosis or metabolic acidosis (flares gastric juices)

Question 45

carbon monoxide can happen because

Answer 45

CO2 has 20x great oxygen affinity than oxygen so no oxygen gets delivered to the tissues

Question 46

where does lead poisoning cause damage

Answer 46

brain and nervous system tissue

Question 47

lead stops the synthesis of Hgb at beginning and end with binding to

Answer 47

beginning- aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase end- ferro chelatase

Question 48

lead poisoning leads to increase in

Answer 48

zinc protoporphyrin-- measures in RBCs see basophilic stippling

Question 49

alcohol specimen of choice

Answer 49

serum or whole blood

Question 50

what can be pulled into court if used

Answer 50

OH pads

Question 51

3 main alcohols to use

Answer 51

ethanol methanol isopropyl

Question 52

main alc we see

Answer 52

ethanol

Question 53

what is done if ethanol is negative and sus about alc poisoning

Answer 53

methanol -from wind shield wiping fluid

Question 54

what compound we look for in methanol

Answer 54

formic acid byproduct !

Question 55

why do we see isopropyl overdose

Answer 55

drinking rubbing alcohol acetone+ glucose -

Question 56

what will be seen in urine with anti-freeze overdose

Answer 56

calcium oxalate crystals

Question 57

what 2 calculations will be increased in alcohol poisoning

Answer 57

* Increased osmolality and anion gap ○ >10 -- look for alcohol poisoning