Drugs That Have Actions On The Kidneys Flashcards
(29 cards)
Which group of diuretic drugs does Spironolactone belong to?
Potassium-sparing diuretics.
Which drug acts on the Na/K/2Cl co-transporter on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
Bumetanide. This is an example of a loop diuretic drug.
What side effect can diuretic drugs cause?
Postural hypotension. Loss of fluid in urine may reduce blood volume, therefore reducing blood pressure.
Name the 4 main sections of the nephron in the kidney?
Proximal tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal tubule, Collecting duct.
What is the job of the diuretic drugs?
They increase the amount of fluid and salts excreted by the kidney.
What conditions can we use diuretics for?
Oedema, Hypertension & Glaucoma.
What effect do diuretics have on patients with oedema?
Increase urine production ➡️ Drawing more fluid from swollen areas in tissue ➡️ Reduces swelling & returns area to normal.
What effects do diuretics have on patients with hypertension (high blood pressure)?
Increases volume of urine production which decreases blood volume, pressure on blood vessels and therefore blood pressure.
What term do we use for the movement of water molecules?
Osmosis.
What is passive transport?
The movement of ions via channels.
What is active transport?
The movement of ions via pumps. This requires energy.
Which 3 pumps are responsible for moving ions?
Cl- (chloride) pump, Na+/K+ (sodium/potassium) pump & Na+/K+/Cl- (sodium/potassium/chloride) pump.
What are ion channels?
Openings in membranes which are ion selective. Ions move through these openings with no energy required.
Name the 3 classes of diuretics & the parts of the nephron they act on.
Thiazide & Related - proximal tubule
Loop diuretics - Ascending loop of henle
Potassium-sparing - distal tubule and collecting duct.
What are the clinical uses of Thiazide & Related diuretics?
Oedema, hypertension (long-term), mild heart failure, liver & kidney disease & steroid/hormone treatment.
Which drugs belong to the Thiazide & Related diuretics?
Thiazides - Bendroflumethazide, cyclopenthiazide
Related - Metolazone, Chlortalidone, Indapamide & Xipamide.
What are the mechanisms of action of Thiazide & Related diuretics?
Block chloride pump, increase excretion of sodium & chloride, increases excretion of potassium.
What are the side effects of Thiazide & Related diuretics?
Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperuricemia & Hyperglycemia.
What are the clinical uses of loop diuretics?
Oedema, severe heart failure, acute ventricular failure (pulmonary oedema), hypertension.
Which drugs belong to the loop diuretics?
Furosemide, Bumetanide & Torasemide.
What are the mechanisms of action of the loop diuretics?
Block sodium/potassium/chloride pump, increases excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride.
What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
Hypokalemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperuricemia, Hyperglycemia & Deafness.
What are the clinical uses of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Oedema, heart failure, liver disease, hypertension, hypokalemia & primary hyperaldosteronism (spironolactone only).
What drugs belong to the potassium-sparing diuretics?
Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Amilorode.
