Dry Eye Disease Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the definition of dry eye disease in simple terms?
Disease of ocular surface which causes a disruption of the tear film which causes tear film instability and ocular symptoms, inflammation and damage
What does osmolarity mean?
Concentration of a solution
What are the two types of dry eyes?
Aqueous-deficient and evaporative
What does aqueous deficient dry eye mean?
Not enough tears are being produced due to lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal gland having a low output
What are the two sub categories of the causes of aqueous deficient dry eyes?
Sjogrens syndrome and non-sjogrens syndrome
What are some key features of people with Sjögren’s syndrome?
Dry eyes and dry mouth
*Autoimmune disease causes destruction of the glands
- associated with systemic lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
Can people have both evaporative dry eyes and aqueous deficient dry eyes?
YES!!!!!!!!
What is the epidemiology of dry eyes?
5-50% of the population due to what your definition of dry eye is
It increases with age and women have a higher prevalence and Asian ethnicity (east Asia)
What are risk factors of dry eye disease?
-Age
-Female
- Asian race
- Underlying issues due to autoimmune disease
^non-modifiable
- Medication
- Computer use
- Contact lenses wear
^modifiable
What is the aetiology of dry eye disease?
Damage or disease to any component of the lacrimal functional unit which leads to tear film instability
What is the lacrimal functional unit?
What maintains the tear film and this includes the lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, goblet cells, the sensory innervation which all controls the integrity of tear film, transparency of the cornea and quality of the image on the retina
What is the suggested pathogenesis of dry eye disease?
Secretory dysfunction of meibomian glands and lacrimal glands- the results of this leads to hyperosmolarity of the tears(high conc.) —> hyperosmolarity of the ocular surface —> inflammation —> this causes damage to the cells.
What does the lacrimal gland secrete?
Tear fluid
What does the meibomian gland secrete?
Polar and non-polar lipids
If a px has dry eye what other question MUST you ask to ensure they are not symptomatic of Sjogren’s syndrome?
Do they have dry mouth (if so assume they may have Sjogren’s syndrome esp if they have other autoimmune diseases)
What is another word for dry mouth?
Xerostomia
How is Sjogrens syndrome identified?
A blood sample is taken and auto antibodies against the antigens in the lacrimal and salivary gland are found
What gland does primary sjogrens syndrome effect?
Lacrimal gland only
Is aquired sjogrens syndrome age related?
Yes
What is the most common cause of evapourative dry eye?
Meibomian gland dysfunction
What primarily is the role of the lipid layer if the tear film?
Reduce evaporation
Which systemic drugs have been found to cause dry eye?
Beta blocker
Anti histamines
Hormone replacement therapy
Anti-psychotic medication
Isotretinoin
What is Lasik surgery and why is it thought to be painless?
Refractive surgery which changes the shape of the cornea (steepening it for myopes) which is painless due to anaesthetic usage but also all the ties to the corneal nerves are cut off
What is a major symptom which is experienced after LASIK surgery? + why does this symptom happen?
Dryness and discomfort- px are given lubricating drops to get them through this period
*The dry eye is due to corneal denervation
