DS Vocab Words

Question 1

Calling

Answer 1

Using a function by giving it inputs

Question 2

Contract

Answer 2

A statement of the name, domain, and range of the function.

Question 3

Design Recipe

Answer 3

A sequence of steps that helps people document, tests and write functions.

Question 4

Domain

Answer 4

The type of data that a function expects.

Question 5

Library

Answer 5

A collection of functions that can be made available to our program by using include.

Question 6

Name

Answer 6

How we refer to a function or value defined in a language (examples: +, *, star, circle).

Question 7

Programming Language

Answer 7

A set of rules for writing code that a computer can evaluate.

Question 8

Purpose Statement

Answer 8

A brief description of what a function does.

Question 9

Range

Answer 9

The type of data that a function produces.

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

The set of rules that defines a language, whether it be spoken, written, or programmed.

Question 11

Variable

Answer 11

Something that changes.

Question 12

Arguments

Answer 12

The inputs to a function

Question 13

..follow the name of the function…

Answer 13

…expressions for arguments…

Question 14

Categorical Data

Answer 14

Values or classifications that do not follow a numerical progression, and are not subject to the laws of arithmetic. Used to classify, not measure. They don’t have count (1, 2, 3, 4…) or measurement.

Question 15

Data Row

Answer 15

Part of a table showing information about a particular individual in a sample.

Question 16

Data Science

Answer 16

The study of using data to answer questions about the world.

Question 17

Definitions Area

Answer 17

The text box in the Editor, where definitions for values and functions are written.

Question 18

Editor

Answer 18

Software in which you can write and evaluate code.

Question 19

Error Message

Answer 19

Information from the computer about errors in code.

Question 20

Header

Answer 20

The titles of each column of a table, usually shown at the top.

Question 21

Interactions Area

Answer 21

The text box in the Editor, where we enter expressions to evaluate.

Question 22

Quantitative Data

Answer 22

Number values for which arithmetic makes sense (e.g. -taking the average of a column). How much?

Question 23

Pyret

Answer 23

A new programming language inspired by Python but superior to Python for education.

Question 24

Boolean

Answer 24

Of or relating to a data type having two possible values representing “true” or “false”.

Question 25

Method

Answer 25

A function that is associated with particular object, such as Table or Structure. It consumes inputs and produces an output based on the object and those inputs.

Question 26

Lookup Questions

Answer 26

Can be answered simply by looking up a single value in the table and reading it out. Ex: “Is the Mitten fixed?”

Question 27

Compute Question

Answer 27

Can be answered by computing an answer across a single row or column. Ex: “How much does the heaviest animal weigh?”

Question 28

Relate Questions

Answer 28

Can be answered by looking for relationships between multiple columns. Ex: “Do cats tend to be adopted faster than dogs?”

Question 29

Histogram

Answer 29

A quantitative bar chart displaying how frequent a number shows up.

Question 30

Correlation

Answer 30

A number that summarizes the linear relationship between two quantitative variables by reporting its strength and direction.

Question 31

Line of Best Fit

Answer 31

A straight line that best represents the data on a linear scatter plot. Also called the ’regression line’.

Question 32

Outlier

Answer 32

An observation point that is distant from other observations, perhaps due to experimental natural variability or measurement error.

Question 33

Linear Regression

Answer 33

The process of modeling the relationship between two quantitative variables with a line that makes the best predictions of responses (y values) given explanatory (x) values.

Question 34

Predictor

Answer 34

A function which, given a value from one data set, tries to predict a related value in a different data set

Question 35

r

Answer 35

A number between -1 and 1 that measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.

Question 36

Threats to Validity

Answer 36

Factors than undermine the confidence in a conclusion.

Question 37

Box Plot (a.k.a. box-and-whisker pot)

Answer 37

A way of displaying the distribution of data based on the five-number summary: minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum.

Question 38

Interquartile Range

Answer 38

The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of spread, and is calculated by subtracting the first quartile (Q1) from the third quartile (Q3).

Question 39

Mean

Answer 39

Reports the center of a quantitative data set by dividing the sum of all the values by the number of values.

Question 40

Median

Answer 40

The middle of a quantitative data set: half the values are above it, and half are below.

Question 41

Mode

Answer 41

The most commonly appearing value in a (quantitative or categorical) data set.

Question 42

Quartile

Answer 42

Numbers that divide a data set into four, equally-sized groups. The lowest quartile (Q1) is the middle of the bottom half of the data. Q2 (the median) is the middle of the entire sample. Q3 is the middle of the top half of the data.

Question 43

Skew

Answer 43

Lack of balance in a dataset’s shape, arising from more values that are unusually low or high. Such values tend to trail off, rather than separated by a gap (as with outliers).

Question 44

Spread

Answer 44

How much values typically vary from a given assessment point such as center.