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DSA 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is fascia?

A

Thin sheet of tissue surrounding deeper structures

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2
Q

Deep fascia organizes limbs into what?

A

Compartments

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3
Q

What is a muscle compartment?

A

Group of muscles surrounded by deep fascia separations

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4
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

excessive pressure within a compartment

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5
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior arm compartment?

A

Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Biceps brachii

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6
Q

What is the action, innervation, and blood supply of the anterior compartment muscles?

A

Action: flexion
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply: Brachial artery

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7
Q

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm does not abide by all the rules? How?

A

Brachialis muscle has two innervations, musculocutaneous and radial nerve

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8
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the coracobrachialis muscle

A

Attachments:
Coracoid Process; Humerus midshaft

Action:
Flex shoulder; Adduct arm

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous n.

Blood Supply:
Brachial Artery

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9
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the brachialis muscle

A

Attachments:
Distal ½ anterior humerus; Ulnar tuberosity

Action:
Flex elbow

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous n.
Radial n.

Blood Supply:
Brachial Artery

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10
Q

What does the humeroulnar joint do?

A

Flexion and extension only

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11
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Attachments:
Proximal, Long head -supraglenoid tubercle
Proximal, Short head - coracoid process

Distal, Radial tuberosity & Bicipital aponeurosis

Actions:
Flex shoulder & elbow
Supinate forearm

Innervation:
Musculocutaneous n.

Blood Supply:
Brachial Artery

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12
Q

What does the humeroradial joint do?

A

Flexion and extension of the elbow, pronation/supination

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13
Q

Biceps brachii action is limited by the position of the wrist. Why?

A

Biceps tendon is wrapped when the wrist is pronated. Complete contraction only takes place during supination (think flexing your bicep)

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14
Q

Biceps tendon rupture is typically which head? What are the two types of ruptures?

A

Long head rupture; distal and proximal popeye deformities

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

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16
Q

What is the action, innervation, and blood supply of the posterior compartment muscles?

A

Action:
Extension (shoulder and/or elbow joint)

Innervation:
Radial n.

Blood Supply:
Profunda Brachii Artery AKA Deep Brachial artery

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17
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the triceps brachii muscle

A

Attachments:

Proximal:

  1. Long head -infraglenoid tubercle
  2. Lateral head - posterior humeral shaft superior to radial groove
  3. Medial head - posterior humeral shaft inferior to radial groove

Distal:
1. Olecranon process (ulna)

Actions:
Extend elbow (all) & shoulder (long head only)

Innervation:
Radial n.

Blood supply: Profunda Brachii a.

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18
Q

List the attachments, action, innervation, and blood supply for the anconeus muscle

A

Attachments:
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Lateral olecranon process of ulna

Actions:
Extend & stabilize elbow joint (fine-tunes joint)

Innervation:
Radial n.

Blood supply: Profunda Brachii a.

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19
Q

What is the name of the common humerus fracture? How does it present?

A

Supracondyle humeral fracture; presents with S curve in the arm, break at the distal humerus

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20
Q

What two septums separate the forearm compartments?

A
  1. inter muscular septum

2. Interosseus membrane

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21
Q

Muscles in the posterior component of the arm have what action, innervation, and blood supply?

A

Action:
Extension (digit and/or wrist joints)
Exceptions: Brachioradialis & Supinator

Innervation: Radial n.

Blood Supply: Radial and/or Ulnar artery

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22
Q

Most posterior, superficial forearm muscles share what attachment?

A

Common extensor tendon to lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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23
Q

What are the 6 muscles of the posterior, superficial forearm?

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
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24
Q

List the attachment and action of the brachioradialis muscle.

A

Attachement:
lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to
styloid process of radius

Action:
flexes elbow

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25
List the attachment and action of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.
Attachment: lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus to the base of metacarpal 2 Action: Extends and abducts the wrist (radial deviation)
26
List the attachment and action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle.
Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the base of metacarpal 3 Action: Extends and abducts the wrist (radial deviation)
27
List the attachment and action of the extensor digitorum muscle.
Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the extensor expansion of digits 2-5 Action: Extension of digits 2-5
28
List the attachment and action of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle.
Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the base of metacarpal 5 Action: Extension and adduction of the wrist (ulnar deviation)
29
List the attachment and action of the extensor digiti minimi muscle.
Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the extensor explosion of digit 5 Action: extension of digit 5
30
What is tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis, inflammation of the extensor tendons
31
What are the 5 muscles of the deep, posterior compartment of the forearm?
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis ```
32
List the attachment and action of the abductor pollicis longus muscle.
Attachment: U/R interosseus membrane to base of metacarpal 1 Action: adducts pollex
33
List the attachment and action of the extensor pollicis longus muscle.
Attachment: U/R interosseus membrane to base of distal pollex Action: extends pollex
34
List the attachment and action of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle.
Attachment: U/R interosseus membrane to base of proximal pollex Action: extends pollex
35
List the attachment and action of the extensor indicis muscle.
Attachment: U/R interosseus membrane to extensor expansion of digit 2 Action: extends digit 2
36
List the 8 muscles in the anterior forearm.
Superficial layer: Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Middle layer: Flexor digitorum superficialis Deep layer: Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
37
Muscles of the anterior forearm have what action, innervation, and blood supply?
Action: Flexion (digit and/or wrist joints) Exceptions: Pronator Teres & Pronator Quadratus Innervation: Median and/or Ulnar n. Blood Supply: Radial and/or Ulnar artery
38
What is golfers elbow?
Medial Epicondylitis; inflammation of common flexor tendon
39
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the of the pronator teres muscle.
Attachment: Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar head: Coronoid process of ulna Lateral surface of radius Action: Pronation Innervation Median n. (passes through the 2 heads)
40
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerusto base of metacarpal 2 median n. Action: flex and abduct wrist (radial deviation) Innervation: Median n
41
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the palmaris longus muscle.
Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar aponeurosis Action: flex wrist, tense palmar aponeurosis Innervation: median n.
42
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
Attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus & olecranon process to hook of hamate, pisiform, base of metacarpal 5 Action:flex and adduct wrist (ulnar deviation) Innervation: ulnar n.
43
What is Tommy John surgery?
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction; uses palmaris longus to repair UCL
44
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle.
Attachent: medial epicondyle, anterior radius to Intermediate phalanges of digits 2–5 Innervation: median n. Action: flex wrists & digits 2-5 (to PIPs)
45
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle.
Attachment: Ulna & interosseous membrane distal phalanges of digits 2–5 Innervation: Median n. (lateral ½)Ulnar n. (medial ½) Action: flex wrist and digits 2-5 (to DIPs)
46
Which muscle in the forearm is the only one with a split innervation?
flexor digitorum profundus
47
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the flexor pollicis longus muscle.
Attachment: Radius & interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of digit 1 Innervation: Median n. Action: flexion: wrist & digit 1
48
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the pronator quadratus muscle.
Attachment: distal ulnar shaft to distal radial shaft Innervation: Median n Action: pronation
49
What are the two spaces of the palm?
``` Hypothenar eminence (medial) Thenar eminence (lateral) ```
50
What is the name of the tough, fibrous band protecting the carpal tunnel structures?
Flexor retinaculum
51
What structure cover tendons of digit flexors?
Synovial sheaths
52
What is the differences between the flexor sheaths of digit 1-5?
Flexor sheath of 2-4 are not attaches to a bursa Flexor sheath of digit 5 is attaches to the ulnar bursa Flexor sheath of digit 1 is attaches to the radial bursa Flexor sheath 1 and 5 infections are more dangerous because they can spread to the wrist and forearm via bursae
53
What covers synovial sheaths in the digits?
Fibrous sheath
54
What is a trigger finger?
Stenosing tenosynovitis; inflamed section of the flexor tendon that gets trapped behind fibrous sheath
55
1st sheath covers which muscle tendons?
abductor pollicis longs and extensor pollicis brevis
56
What is the function of an extensor expansion?
Connect extensor tendons to phalanges
57
What is gamers thumb?
De Quervains Tenosynovitis; thickening of 1st extensor synovial sheath - pain and swelling
58
What is the palmar aponeurosis?
Fascia that strands vertically on the palm to protects the structures beneath
59
What is the transverse fasiculi?
Fascia that runs horizontally to keep the hand together
60
What is permanent shortening of the palmar aponeurosis called?
Dupuytrens Contracture
61
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the palmaris brevis muscle.
Attachments: Palmar Aponeurosis; skin over hypothenar eminence Action: Tense skin over hypothenar eminence during gripping Innervation: Ulnar n. Blood Supply: Ulnar Artery
62
The dorsal hand fascia has what 3 structures? (low yield)
1. extensor expansions 2. Intertendinous connections 3. Extensor retinaculum (less tensile compared to the flexor retinaculum)
63
What are the 5 compartments of the hand?
``` Thenar Adductor Central Interosseous Hypothenar ```
64
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the thenar muscles.
``` Muscles (3) Flexor pollicis brevis Superficial head Deep head Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis ``` Actions: move thumb CMC joint (as named) Innervation: Median n. Except deep head of FPB (Ulnar n.) Blood supply: Superficial palmar arch
65
Which muscle in the hand has a split innervation? (test question)
Flexor pollicis brevis; superficial head = median nerve | Deep head = ulnar nerve
66
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the adductor muscles.
Muscles (1) Adductor pollicis Transverse head Oblique head Action: Thumb CMC: ADduction Thumb MCP: Flexion Innervation: Ulnar n. Blood supply: Deep palmar arch
67
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the central hand muscles.
Muscles (4) Lumbricals 1-4 Action: Digits 2-5 MCP joints: Flexion PIP & DIP joints: Extension Innervation: Lumbricals 1 & 2: Median n. Lumbricals 3 & 4: Ulnar n. Blood supply: Superfical & deep palmar arches Digital arteries
68
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the interosseous muscles.
``` Muscles (7) Palmar interossei (1-3) Dorsal interossei (1-4) ``` Action: ADduction of digits 2,4,5 (towards 3) ABduction of digits 2-4 (3 ABducts medially and laterally) Innervation: Ulnar n. Blood supply: Deep palmar arch (metacarpal arteries)
69
List the attachment, action, innervation, and blood supply of the hypothenar muscles.
Muscles (3) Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi Actions: move digit 5 as named (MCP and/or CMC joints) Innervation: Ulnar n. Blood supply: Superficial palmar arch

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