DSA 2: Neurophysiology of Emotion

Question 1

What does the limbic system control?

Answer 1

Emotional Behavior

Motivational Drives

Question 2

What role does the hypothalamus play in the limbic system?

Answer 2

Create physiologic response to emotion

Question 3

What role does the olfactory areas play in the limbic system?

Answer 3

Smell and emotion is strongly linked and can be a strong stimulus

Question 4

What role does the thalamus play in the limbic system?

Answer 4

Relays sensory information into system

Question 5

What role does the basal ganglia play in the limbic system?

Answer 5

Tied to pleasure and disgust

Question 6

What role does the hippocampus play in the limbic system?

Answer 6

Links emotion to memory creation and plays a role in surprise

Question 7

What role does the amygdala play in the limbic system?

Answer 7

Tied to fear and anger that can also lead to memory formation

Question 8

What role does the anterior cingulate cortex play in the limbic system?

Answer 8

Can play a role in why emotions continue after initial event

-Higher level control

Question 9

What is the mirror neuron system?

Answer 9

Neurons that fire when you see someone else do the same action - play a role in imitation and imitative learning

Question 10

What is innate fear?

Answer 10

Unconditioned fear that requires no experience

Question 11

What is learned fear?

Answer 11

Conditioned fear from experience

Question 12

What is the direct pathway for fear?

Answer 12

Thalamo-amygdaloid pathway to the lateral nucleus of amygdala

Question 13

What does the direct pathway for fear mediate?

Answer 13

Initial responses to fear

Question 14

What is the indirect pathway for fear?

Answer 14

Thalamo-cortico-amygdaloid pathway to the lateral nucleus of amygdala

Question 15

What does the indirect pathway for fear mediate?

Answer 15

Later responses to fear

Question 16

After inputs from both fear pathways arrive at the lateral thalamus of the amygdala, where do these inputs travel to?

Answer 16

Basal and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala for additional processing

Question 17

After traveling to the basal and intercalated nuclei of the amygdala, where does the information travel to?

Answer 17

Central nucleus of amygdala

Question 18

Where does the central nucleus of amygdala send information to?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus to create physiologic response

Question 19

What happens if a person presents with a damaged amygdala?

Answer 19

Fear is not perceived and there is no conditioning to fear

Question 20

What receptors does “anger” use?

Answer 20

D2 receptors at amygdala

Question 21

What can inhibit anger?

Answer 21

Neocortex
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nuclei
Septal Nuclei

Question 22

What is avoidance?

Answer 22

Prevents behaviors that have short term rewards but long term negative consequences

Question 23

What are the anatomical structures that deal with avoidance?

Answer 23

Lateral posterior hypothalamus
Dorsal midbrain
Entorhinal cortex

Question 24

What are the anatomical structures that deal with sadness?

Answer 24

Lower sector of anterior cingulate cortex

Question 25

What are the anatomical structures that deal with disgust?

Answer 25

Putamen and insular cortex

Question 26

What are the anatomical structures that deal with surprise?

Answer 26

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 27

What does the ventral region of the anterior cingulate cortex do?

Answer 27

Integration of all sensory and emotional processing Controlling emotion display Conflict detection

Question 28

What does the dorsolateral division of the prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 28

Motor stuff

Question 29

Where does the ventromedial division of the prefrontal cortex receive input from?

Answer 29

Amygdala Hippocampus Temporal visual association area Dorsolateral division of the prefrontal cortex

Question 30

What does the ventromedial division of the prefrontal cortex do?

Answer 30

Reward processing Gut Feeling Delayed Gratification