- most common - synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the post-synaptic membrane of a dendrite - Usually excitatory

DSA Flashcards by Maren Osterholt

Where are cell bodies located in the CNS? PNS?

Nuclei

2. Ganglia

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What factors lead to faster conduction velocity?

More myelination
Greater diameter

*both of these correlate with lower threshold

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Axo-dendritic

most common
synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the post-synaptic membrane of a dendrite
Usually excitatory

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Neuromuscular Juncion

synapse between the presynaptic terminal of an axon and the specialized motor end plate of skeletal muscle
used as the model for all synapses because of accessibility

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Does a reflex require the spinal cord, brain, or both?

just spinal cord

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What NT is released by the pre-ganglionic cells in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine

*it binds the nAchR on the post-ganglionic dendrites (same for sympathetic)

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varicosities

swellings

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What type of receptor does acetylcholine bind on a parasympathetic post ganglionic cell?

mAchR

*this activates a secondary messenger system

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What NT does a sympathetic post ganglionic axon release? What receptors does it bond?

norepinephrine

2. alpha and beta adrenergic

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alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

metabotropic receptors

- have different effects in the body when NE binds

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Parasympathetic: NT? Receptors?

2. mAch and nAch

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Sympathetic: NT? Receptors?

Epi, NE, DA
alpha (cardiac and smooth muscle glands) , beta (cardiac and smooth muscle glands) nAch, mAch (sweat glands), dopamine (renal vascular smooth m)

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4 steps of cholinergic neurotransmission

Act synthesis, storage, release, destruction

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Release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is what type of process?

sympathetic q

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4 steps of Adrenergic nerve terminal

synthesis, storage, release, reuptake

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Reserpine does what?

blocks VMAT-2*

*functions to transport NE, Epi, DA, and serotonin into vesicles

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Cocaine does what?

blocks NE transporter*

*serves to import NE into the nerve terminal (this increases [NE] in synapse)

What are the agonists (activators) of alpha 1? 2?

Epi is greater than or equal to NE

2. Epi is greater than or equal to NE

What are the agonists (activators) of beta 1? 2? 3?

Epi=NE
Epi&raquo_space; NE
NE > Epi

Where do we find alpha 1 receptors?

VASCULAR, GU smooth muscle, liver, intestinal smooth muscle, HEART

-contraction

Where do we find alpha 2 receptors?

Pancreatic beta cells, platelets, nerve terminal VASCULAR smooth muscle

-contraction

Where do we find beta 1 receptors?

Juxtaglomerular cells, HEART

-contraction

Where do we find beta 2 receptors?

Smooth muscle (VASCULAR, GI, GU), SKELETAL muscle

-relaxation

Where do we find beta 3 receptors?

Adipose tissue

-lipolysis

The big three: 1. Alpha 1 2. Beta 2 3. Muscarinic

1. stimulate contraction of all smooth muscle; vascular smooth muscle-->vasoconstriction 2. relax smooth muscle-->vasodilation 3. contract smooth muscle

What sympathetic receptor is associated with smooth muscle of blood vessel innervation? parasympathetic?

1. alpha 1 2. NONE* *BVs will relax in response to para release of Ach IF the endothelium is intact

How does BP change in response to phenylephrine? histamine?

1. increases baroreceptor, para nervous system; decreases sym nervous system 2. decreases baroreceptor, para nervous system; increases sym nervous system

Where does epinephrine synthesis occur?

adrenal medulla, and a few pathways in the brainstem

What receptors do we find at sweat glands?

mAChR--->sweat secretion

M1 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. CNS, ganglia b. GPCR, Gq/11 c. PLC activation--->IP3

M2 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. Heart, nerves, smooth m. b. GPCR, Gi/o c. AC inhibition-->decreased cAMP, K+ channel activation * parasympathetic

M3 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. glands, smooth m., endothelium b. GPCR, Gq/11 c. PLC activation--->IP3 * parasympathetic

M4 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. CNS b. GPCR, Gi/o c. AC inhibition-->decreased cAMP, K+ channel activation

M5 a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. CNS b. GPCR, Gq/11 c. PLC activation--->IP3

Nm a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. Skeletal m., NMJ b. Ligand gated ion channel c. N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

Nn a. Location b. Structural Features c. Mxn

a. Postganglionic cell body, dendrites, CNS b. Ligand gated ion channel c. N+, K+ depolarizing ion channel

What is the function of NET and DAT?

They help with reuptake of catecholamine into nerve terminals

What are cholinomimetic agents?

- drugs that mimic ACh | ex. AChR agonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

What are sympathomimetic agents?

-drugs that mimi or enhance alpha/beta receptor stimulation

What are adrenoceptor blocking drugs?

-alpha and beta receptor antagonists