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NE (Neuroendocrine) Exam 3 > DSA: Hypothalamus and Limbic System > Flashcards

DSA: Hypothalamus and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary role of the hypothalamus?

A
  • HOMEOSTASIS

- water/electrolyte balance, food intake, temperature, BP, circadian rhythm, stress responses, body metabolism

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2
Q

Median Eminence and Tuber Cinereum

A
  • arises from tuber cinereum and narrows into infundibulum; attaches to pituitary
  • small swelling between mammillary bodies and optic chiasm/tract
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3
Q

What divides the hypothalamus into medial and lateral zones?

A

Fornix

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4
Q

Lateral and Medial Zones of Hypothalamus

A

Lateral Zone

  • diffusely arranged neurons, few named nuclei
  • contains MEDIAN FOREBRAIN BUNDLE
  • damage: dec. feeding behavior and inc. weight loss

Medial Zone
- overlaps with Ant. –> Post. regions (distinct nuclei)

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5
Q

Anterior Region Nuclei (Supraoptic/Paraventricular, Suprachiasmatic, Anterior Nuclei)

A
  1. Supraoptic/Paraventricular
    • contain oxytocin (PVN)/ADH (SON) –> Post. Pituitary
    • lesion = diabetes insipidus, inc. water, urination
  2. Suprachiasmatic
    • gets retinal input (Circadian Rhythm)
    • damage = modify or abolish these rhythms
  3. Anterior
    • range of visceral/somatic functions, temp regulation
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6
Q

Mamillary/Posterior Region Nuclei (1)

A

Median Mammillary Nucleus

  • afferents –> hippo (fornix), eff. –> thalamus/brainstem
  • lesions = no short-term to long-term memory gen.
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7
Q

Tuberal Region Nuclei (2)

A

Ventromedial Nucleus

  • “satiety center”
  • lesions = excessive eating/abnormal weight gain

Dorsomedial Nucleus

  • subserves areas of emotional behavior
  • stim = sham rage
  • damage = dec. aggression/feeding
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8
Q

Blood Supply to Hypothalamus

A
  1. Anteriomedial = anterior communicating/A1 segment
    - preoptic, supraoptic, septal nuclei, lat. hypothalamic
  2. Posteromedial = posterior communicating/P1 segment
    • rostral post. comm = tuberal region
    • caudal post. comm = mammillary region
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9
Q

3 Major Afferent Routes

A
  1. Fornix
    • single largest input to the hypothalamus
  2. Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB)
  3. Amydalohypothalamic Fibers
    • stria terminalis/ventral amydalofugal pathways
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10
Q

2 Efferent Hypothalamic Pathways

A
  1. Mammillary Fasciuclus (medial mammillary nucleus)
    • mammillothalamic/mammillotegmental tracts
    • to anterior thalamus nuclei
  2. Hypothalamothalamic Fibers
    • lateral preoptic –> dorsomedial/amygdaloid nucleus
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11
Q

Direct Links to ANS (2)

A

Hypothalamomedullary
- solitary nucleus, dorsal vagal motor, nucleus ambiguus

Hypothalamospinal
- intermediolateral cell column (GVE preganglionics)

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12
Q

Indirect Links to ANS (2)

A

Posterior Longitudinal Fasciculus
Mammillotegmental Tract

  • both target Periaqueductal Gray
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13
Q

Supraopticohypophysial and Tuberoinfundibular Tracts

A
  • axons of SON/PVN (oxytocin and ADH)
  • Herring Bodies (storage) –> Post. Pituitary
  • convey releasing hormones to median eminence and infundibulum
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14
Q

What are the components of the Limbic System? (6)

A

subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, uncus, hippocampal formation, subcortical nuclei

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15
Q

Hippocampal Amnesia

A
  • bilateral lesions of hippocampi

- deficit in anterograde episodic memory (cannot learn new information), sparse procedural/working memory

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16
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A
  • progressive degen. of mammillary bodies, hippocampal complex, dorsomedial thalamic nucleus
  • NO SHORT-TERM to LONG-TERM memory
  • severe difficulty learning new tasks, cannot understand written material, confabulation
  • THIAMINE DEFICIENCY (CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM)
17
Q

Kulver-Bucy Syndrome

A
  • bilateral temporal lobe lesions that abolish amygdaloid complex = BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
  • hyperorality - examine objects in mouth
  • hypermetamorphosis - intensively explore environement and overreact to visual stimuli
  • Hypersexuality - suggestive behavior/talk w/vague or ill-conceived attempts at sexual contact
18
Q

Uncal Herniation

A
  • uncus (potentially parahippocampal gyrus) downward over edge of tentorium cerebelli
  • compress midbrain, may damaged lower brainstem
  • dilated pupils, abnormal eye movements, weakness of extremity opposite dilated pupil
19
Q

Ventral Tegmental Area

A
  • medial to substantia nigra (large dopaminergic neurons)

- efferents to nucleus accumbens = role in reward/motivation, may contribute to addiction

20
Q

Septal Region and Nucleus Accumbens functions

A

SR = control of rage behavior
- rostral to ant. commissure

NC = behaviors related to addiction and chronic pain

NE (Neuroendocrine) Exam 3 (16 decks)

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