DSM

Question 1

Intellectual Disability

Answer 1

Severity is not based on IQ, but on adaptive functioning – Three domains of adaptive functioning: conceptual, social, and practical

Question 2

Autism (ASD)

Answer 2

Two Core Domains: (1) Deficits in social communication (2) Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities

Support needs based on level: 1 (requires support) → 3 (high support needs)

Question 3

ADHD

Answer 3

Inattentive and hyperactivity types, can be diagnosed at any age

Question 4

Schizophrenia

Answer 4

6 months or more

Symptoms (2+ required): hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech/behavior, catatonia, or negative symptoms

Positive Symptoms: added experiences (e.g., hallucinations, delusions)

Negative Symptoms: absence of typical function (e.g., flat affect, lack of pleasure, withdrawal)

4 A’s: Affect, Association, Ambivalence, Autism

Psychosis: presence of delusions or hallucinations

Treatment: medication is first-line; group therapy should be brief/structured due to info-processing deficits

Question 5

Schizophreniform

Answer 5

“FORM” into schizophrenia, 1-6 months shorter duration than schizophrenia

Question 6

Schizoaffective

Answer 6

Same symptoms as schizophrenia with major depressive, manic, or mixed episodes.

Question 7

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 7

Same symptoms as schizophrenia (1 day to 1 month

Question 8

Delusional DO

Answer 8

(1 month)

At least 1 delusion or Irrational beliefs
Two types: Persecutory: being maliciously treated

Grandiose: false belief that one is a genius and has special powers of abilities

Question 9

Bipolar I

Answer 9

Manic-depression with 1 or more manic episodes – Cycling between mania and depression, High likelihood of suicidal behaviors

Mania → elevated or irritable mood lasts at least one week, symptoms are severe, causes functional impairments

You will see identifiers such as: losing house, not sleeping for days, losing a job

While we typically do not start off therapy with medication referrals, this will be necessary for some diagnoses (such as Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia).

Question 10

Bipolar II

Answer 10

major depressive episodes with at least one hypomanic episode: lower grade mania

Question 11

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 11

(chronic)

Fluctuating mood with numerous hypomanic and mild depressive symptoms, no functional impairments “Cyclo” – cycling through

Question 12

Disruptive Mood Disorder

Answer 12

(12 months)

age 0-18; persistent irritability and anger, frequent severe temper outbursts, occurring 3 or more times a week in at least 2 or 3 setting

Question 13

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 13

(2 weeks +)

Requires 5+ symptoms: sad, empty, and worthless, At least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Endogenous depression: depression caused by a biochemical imbalance rather than a psychosocial stressor or external factors

Exogenous depression: depression caused by external events or psychosocial stressors

Question 14

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 14

(Adults: 2 years; Children: 1 year)

Dysthymia: lower grade, chronic depression. Cannot be absent of symptoms for more than 2 months.

Question 15

Separation Anxiety

Answer 15

(Adults: 6 months
Children and Adolescents: 4 weeks )

Persistent and excessive stress when separated from home or major attachment figures. Could be any significant relationship, persistent worry about major attachment figures.

Question 16

Panic Disorder

Answer 16

Brief, recurrent intense fear; Panic Attacks

Question 17

Agoraphobia

Answer 17

Fear of public spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in a crowd and outside of the home

Question 18

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 18

(6 months +)
Excessive worry with physical symptoms.

Question 19

OCD

Answer 19

Intrusive recurrent thoughts or compulsive behaviors.

Question 20

Hoarding DO

Answer 20

Difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.

Question 21

Trichotillomania

Answer 21

Compulsive urge to pull out hair.

Question 22

Reactive Attachment

Answer 22

Difficulty forming bonds with caregivers – usually seen with foster children who did not have stable parental figures in the early infant stage.

Question 23

PTSD

Answer 23

(at least 1 month)

Re-experiencing/ re-calling a severe trauma, nightmares and flashbacks.

Question 24

Acute Stress Disorder

Answer 24

(less than one month)

PTSD Symptoms.

Question 25

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 25

(Occurs within three months of the stressor.) Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a sudden stressor.

Question 26

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 26

Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness. Physical symptoms are not required. Repeatedly checks for signs of illness Specify if the client seeks medical attention or avoids doctors.

Question 27

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 27

One or more physical symptoms that cause distress and disrupt daily activities. Persistent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to physical complaints Specify mild, moderate, or severe

Question 28

Conversion Disorder

Answer 28

Physical symptoms that have no medical cause. Due to anxiety, stress, or emotional conflicts. Resembles those of a nervous system disorder. Examples: paralysis, numbness, loss of sensation.

Question 29

Factitious (by proxy) Disorder

Answer 29

The falsification of physical or psychological symptoms for attention. Imposed on self or on another (previously by proxy). Used to be called Munchousen’s. * Malingering: condition associated with this DO, fakes an illness for physical gain or purpose. I.e. faking an illness or an injury to collect disability pay. Malingering is not a mental disorder!

Question 30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Answer 30

Patterns of anger, irritability, argumentative or defiant behavior, and/or vindictiveness. Issues are rooted in the need for control. Unlike children with Conduct DO, children with ODD are not aggressive toward people or animals, do not destroy property, and do not show a pattern of theft or deceit.

Question 31

Conduct Disorder

Answer 31

Repetitive & persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others, or major age-appropriate norms, are violated. Issues are rooted in the need for control. often seen as the precursor to antisocial personality disorder, which is not diagnosed until the individual is 18 years old

Question 32

Substance Abuse/ Dependency

Answer 32

Possible Signs of Drug Use Cannabis: glassy, red eyes; loud talking; inappropriate laughter followed by sleepiness; loss of interest, motivation; weight gain or loss Cocaine: dilated pupils; hyperactivity; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping at odd times; may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping; weight loss; dry mouth and nose Withdrawal: depression, vomiting, fatigue Heroin: contracted pupils; no response of pupils to light; needle marks; sleeping at unusual times; sweating; vomiting; coughing, sniffling; twitching; loss of appetite Withdrawal: muscle spasm, restlessness, bone pain