DSM-5 Mental Disorders (158) Flashcards

Question

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (Stuttering) Term Duration: - Onset: Early developmental period

Answer 1

Duration: - Onset: Early developmental period Symptoms: Anxiety restricting ability to verbalize effectively and efficiently, pauses in speech, inability to verbalize words, repeated parts of words or monosyllabic words within a phrase or sentence (i.e. "He-he-he-he is late", "au-au-au-augment"), or excessive force in producing a word

Answer 2

Symptoms: Mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule causing excessive sleepiness or insomnia

Answer 3

Duration: 12 months Onset: - Symptoms: Aggression to people and animals (bullies, threatens, or intimidates; uses weapons), destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, lies for profit, serious violations of rules, breaks curfew repeatedly, runs away overnight

Answer 4

Duration: - Onset: Follows conflict or stressor Symptoms: Unexplained deficits in voluntary motor or sensory function (blindness, inability to move appendage, etc.). Conflicts or stressors precede the deficits, and the symptoms are not explained medically and are not fictitious.

Answer 5

Duration: At least 2 years; in children, only 1 year is required Onset: - Symptoms: Presence of numerous hypomanic symptoms without meeting criteria for a hypomanic episode. Presence of numerous depressive symptoms without meeting criteria for major depressive episode. Symptoms have not been absent for more than a 2-month span within the 2-year (1 year in children) span.

Answer 6

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Significant delay or inability to have an orgasm and release ejaculate from penis the majority of the time when not desired to delay orgasm. If the clinical focus is situational (e.g. when partnered, with specific stimulation), then the criteria must be majority of the time under this circumstance. If the clinical focus is general, then the criteria are the majority of time sexual activity is engaged, regardless of circumstance (e.g. partnered or not, regardless of mechanism of stimulation, context).

Answer 7

Symptoms: Reduced awareness of environment as well as disorientation and language disturbance. Happens over a short period of time and fluctuates during the day.

Answer 8

Duration: 1 month Onset: - Symptoms: Criteria for Schizophrenia are not met. If Hallucinations are present, they are related to the delusion. Functioning is not markedly impaired. Any mood episodes are brief in comparison to delusional symptoms. Types: Erotomanic, Grandiose, Jealous, Persecutory, Somatic, Mixed, or Unspecified

Answer 9

Duration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating an extreme need to have their psychological needs met by another, fearing separation, and doing what is required to remain attached to another beginning early in adulthood. At least five of these are present: - Struggles to make daily decisions without input and encouragement - Requires others to take responsibility on issues impacting any significant life area - Divergence of opinion with another is not tolerable due to disapproval fears - Poor self-confidence causes sufficient self-doubt to hinder starting new projects or trying new things on his or her own - Seeks nurturance by any means necessary, even to the point of doing things one would not otherwise ever do to gain support or nurturing - Suffers intense fears of being defenseless when alone - Engages in serial relationships to avoid being alone and continue to get the needed relationship support and associated care - Fears being left to fend alone

Answer 10

Symptoms: Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one is an observer of one's mental processes or body (like in a dream). Reality testing is intact.

Answer 11

Duration: - Onset: Early developmental period Symptoms: Difficulty engaging coordinated motor activity appropriate to the stated age and cultural exposure, inability to use culturally appropriate eating utensils (e.g. fork, chopsticks, finger set), handwriting difficulties, unsteady gate, bumping into others, tripping over own feet, and struggling to hold objects

Answer 12

Duration: - Onset: Experience of neglect prior to age 2, developmental age of 9 months or more Symptoms: Child behaves in an overly familiar way with unfamiliar adults History is inclusive of a poverty of care in a minimum of one or more ways.

Answer 13

Duration: 12 months Onset: Prior to age 10 Symptoms: Chronically irritable, acting out in ways that are extremely out of line with the circumstance, over-reacting or inability to move on from the situation long after it would be appropriate to do so. Symptoms are present in more than one setting. *Note that first diagnosis cannot be made prior to age 6 or after age 18.

Answer 14

Symptoms: Inability to recall important personal information, usually of traumatic or stressful nature

Answer 15

Symptoms: Presence of 2 or more distinct identities/personality states who recurrently take control of the person's behavior. Person has an inability to recall important personal information.

Answer 16

Duration: Episodes at least once per month for 3 months Onset: Older than developmental age of 4 Symptoms: Passing of feces in inappropriate places and avoidance of regular toileting

Answer 17

Duration: At least twice weekly for a period of 3 months Onset: Older than developmental age of 5 Symptoms: Voiding of urine into bed or clothes

Answer 18

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent or recurrent difficulty to get or keep an erection until sexual activity is completed, or the individual has an inadequate erection Difficulty is present the majority or all of the time in all sexual activity if the context is general, or in an identified context if the context is situational. Symptoms are not better accounted for by relationship struggles, life stressors, substances, medical or mental health issues.

Answer 19

Symptoms: Repeatedly picking at the skin to the point of developing lesions with an inability to stop, causing distress and functional impairment. Picking behavior commonly pick involves the face, hands, and arms, and sometimes targets healthy skin, while others target irregularities, such as calluses, previous picking sites, blackheads, or pimples.

Answer 20

Symptoms: Pattern of intense sexual excitement accompanying fantasies, desires, or behaviors associated with exposing one's genitals to a non-consenting, unsuspecting person. History of at least one behavioral episode of acting out.

Answer 21

Symptoms: Intentional production or feigning of physical or psychological signs or symptoms. One's motivation is to assume the sick role. External incentives are absent (economic gain, avoiding legal responsibility, etc.).

Answer 22

Symptoms: Absent, delayed, or minimal orgasms, or limited intensity in orgasms when engaged in all sexual activity May be in a specific context, such as when partnered, or in general. Symptoms must occur most or all of the encounters (specific context or general). Symptoms are not attributed to partner distress, life stressors, substances, medical or mental health issues.

Answer 23

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Limited or lacking sexual interest or sexual arousal, lack of or minimal sexual fantasies, no initiation or are unreceptive to attempts by partner to initiate sexual behavior If specific to context (such as partnered), then most or all encounters are impacted. If general, then majority or all sexual activity is impacted. May be lifelong or acquired, generalized or situational.

Answer 24

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Intense sexual preoccupation, desires, fantasies, or behaviors with a specific nonsexual body part, nonliving material, or object. Fetish of attention is not limited to items designed for sexual pleasure or enhancement (e.g. dildo, vibrator), and does not solely involve cross-dressing.

Answer 25

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent, intense sexually arousing desires, fantasies or behaviors associated with rubbing against, fondling or touching a non-consenting individual. Has acted out those desires or fantasies on a non-consenting individual.

Answer 26

Duration: Four or more symptoms present in a 12-month period Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent, recurrent, maladaptive gambling behavior indicated by 4 or more of the following: - Preoccupation with gambling - Need to increase amount of gambling for same effect - Unsuccessful efforts to control gambling behavior - Restlessness/irritability - When attempting to control, unsuccessful efforts to curtail or stop gambling, gambles in order to escape problem/mood, chases one's loss, lies to others to conceal the extent, jeopardized relationship/job/education/career, relies on others to provide money.

Answer 27

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Belief one has been born in the wrong gender's body. Individual has at least two of these issues: - Belief one is or should be a different gender - Wants to be divested of one's sexual organs and associated physical anatomy due to gender dissonance - Longs for the sexual organs and associated anatomy of desired gender - Longs to experience life as the desired gender - Longs to become and be treated as gender other than one assigned - Sense that one experiences life as desired gender state in terms of thoughts, feelings, actions, and interactions

Answer 28

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: At least six of the following: - Desire to be the other gender or that one is the other gender or an alternative gender - In boys, a strong preference for cross-dressing or simulating female attire; in girls, a strong preference for wearing masculine clothing and resistance to typically feminine clothing - Strong preference for cross-gender roles in make-believe or fantasy play - Strong preference for toys, games, or activities stereotypically used for engaged in by other gender - Strong preference for playmates of other gender - Boys rejection of typically masculine items and rough/tumble play; girls rejection of typically feminine items and activities - Strong dislike of one's sexual anatomy - Strong desire for primary and/or secondary sex characteristics that match experienced gender

Answer 29

Duration: At least 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Excessive anxiety and worry and 3 or more of the following symptoms (only one additional in children): - Restlessness - Easily fatigued - Difficulty concentrating - Irritability - Muscle tension - Sleep disturbance

Answer 30

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Anxiety and pain associated with anticipated and attempted vaginal penetration and vaginal intercourse. The pelvic floor becomes hyperactive due to the individual's emotional state, and as a result, pain occurs.

Answer 31

Duration: - Onset: Recent use of hallucinogen (within an hour) Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to hallucinogen use. Changes in perception in a state of alertness. Recent use of a hallucinogen (not phencyclidine) with at least two of the following: - Pupillary dilation - Tachycardia - Sweating - Palpitations - Blurring of vision - Tremors - Incoordination

Answer 32

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Continuing hallucinations after the cessation of hallucinogenic use. Impairment in important areas of functioning.

Answer 33

Duration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating highly emotional or excessive attention seeking beginning in early adulthood as evidenced by at least five of these: - Need to be at the center of attention - Engagement with others is often provocative, seductive, or sexual, even when to conducting one's self in such a manner is not appropriate to the setting or the relationship, even exhibitionistic - Emotional expression is often shallow, vacillating quickly - Attention seeking is often through dress, style, grooming, or other aspects of appearance - Speech may be impressionistic or vague - The individual may be especially good at storytelling, often spinning stories to create a better tale than truth, exaggerating what has occurred for dramatic flare - The individual is easily persuaded, susceptible to circumstances or desires of others - Relationships are often felt to be very intimate, close, or cherished, when in fact the other party may not consider the relationship to be more than an acquaintanceship because of the limited nature of the relationship

Answer 34

Symptoms: Person excessively accumulates things another person may consider worthless and has difficulty discarding possessions, resulting in extreme clutter and great distress associated with pressure to discard anything. May lead to unsafe living conditions

Answer 35

Duration: 3 months Onset: - Symptoms: Excessive sleepiness, either prolonged sleep episodes or daily sleep episodes

Answer 36

Duration: At least 4 days Onset: - Symptoms: Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and three or more of the following: - Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity - Decreased need for sleep - Talkative/pressured talking - Flight of ideas/racing thoughts - Distractibility - Increased goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation - Excessive involvement in pleasurable activity that have high potential for painful consequences Basically, criteria for a Manic Episode are met, HOWEVER, while the criteria may be observable by others, it is not severe enough to cause marked impairment or necessitate hospitalization. If hospitalization is required, even at 3-4 days, it is a Manic Episode.

Answer 37

Duration: At least 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Fear of having a serious disease(s). Preoccupation with fear exists despite medical evaluation and reassurance.

Answer 38

Duration: - Onset: Recent intentional exposure to volatile inhalants Symptoms: Behavioral and/or psychological change due to inhalant use (e.g. assaultive, apathetic, impaired decision-making) with at least two of these symptoms following use: - Dizziness - Nystagmus - Incoordination - Slurred speech - Unsteady gait - Lethargy - Depressed reflexes - Psychomotor retardation - Tremor - Muscle weakness - Blurred vision - Stupor or coma - Euphoria

Answer 39

Duration: at least 3 nights per week for at least 3 months Onset: - Symptoms: Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep; or nonrestorative sleep

Answer 40

Duration: - Onset: Early developmental period Symptoms: Impaired cognitive functioning and difficulty performing everyday tasks Assessment includes social, conceptual and practical elements, including clinical and standardized measures together across three domains (social, conceptual, practical) of functioning

Answer 41

Duration: Either verbal/physical aggression that does not result in physical injury to living beings occurring an average of twice weekly for 3 months OR three behavioral events of property destruction or assault with injury to a living being (person or animal) within one year. Onset: - Symptoms: Outbursts are not premeditated and are not done to attain something (ex. toy, power, money, intimidation). Failure to resist aggressive impulses that result in serious assaultive acts or destructive property. Degree of aggression is grossly out of proportion to stressor. Chronological (or developmental equivalency) age is at least six.

Answer 42

Symptoms: Recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed, in anger, or due to hallucination. Tension before act; pleasure/relief during act.

Answer 43

Onset: Early developmental period Symptoms: Difficulty progressing in language development and acquisition such as verbal and written language, native, sign or other form of communication. Impairment may be primarily expression or reception, or both may be impaired. May have difficulty forming language, understanding the content of language, or dealing with the pragmatic function of language. Vocabulary may be limited, the ability to form sentences based on appropriate grammar structure, or how one interacts with language nuances (interactions with others, humor) may be impaired.

Answer 44

Duration: 2 weeks or more Onset: - Symptoms: Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure and five or more of the following present during the same two-week period: - Significant weight loss - Insomnia or hypersomnia - Psychomotor agitation or retardation - Fatigue or loss of energy - Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt - Diminished ability to think or concentrate - Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide

Answer 45

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Significant, expanding cognitive deficits over time in at least one cognitive domain, such as recent memory, new learning, comprehension or expressive language, visuospatial abilities, executive functioning, and social skills. Impairs daily living (e.g. cannot pay bills, operate a car or household appliances safely). Determined by self-report, report by significant other, clinical report, outcome measures on standardized neuropsychological testing.

Answer 46

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Meets criteria for either Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder and HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Answer 47

Duration: - Onset: Gradual onset with continuing decline Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. Memory decline, learning difficulty, and one other cognitive impairment in significant domain (e.g. language, executive functioning, complex attention, perceptual-motor, social cognitions). Steady decline without plateaus. For "Major", evidence of Alzheimer's Disease genetic mutation from testing or family history. For "Mild", evidence of causative Alzheimer's Disease genetic mutation from testing or family history. No other etiology accounts for impairment.

Answer 48

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Cognitive impairment and cognitive disturbances (aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, disturbance in executive functioning). "Major" means there is significant impairment, and "Mild" means there are modest declines. There is evidence that this is caused by a medical condition, not another neurocognitive condition (Alzheimer's, substance use, Traumatic Brain Injury).

Answer 49

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Gradual progression, but in both mild and major forms, the disease is more aggressive than in the usual course of Alzheimer's Disease. There are two variants: behavioral and language. - If the behavioral variant, there is a decline in executive functioning or ability to read and effectively engage social cues. Additionally, at least three of the following are present: behavioral disinhibition, apathy, inertia, lacking or diminished empathy or sympathy, perseverative, stereotyped or compulsive/ritualistic behavior, altered diet, chewing or putting non-food items in the mouth. - If the language variant, there are declines in the ability to produce speech, name people or objects, understands words, understand or use grammar, and related activitie

Answer 50

Duration: - Onset: Insidious onset and gradual progression; average age at onset is 40 Symptoms: Diagnosis of Huntington's Disease and progressive degeneration of brain functioning, with reductions in movement and executive functioning

Answer 51

uration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and criteria met for either Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Answer 52

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Presence of spongiform encephalopathies, difficulty with gait, clumsiness, tremors, rigidity, cognitive decline, memory deficits, dysarthria (slurred speech), reduced language, vision problems, and seizures Bio-testing can document whether or not the disease is present.

Answer 53

Duration: - Onset: Following brain injury Symptoms: Criteria met for Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder as well as history of some brain injury, such as a blast that causes the brain to strike the skull, a sports injury, or an auto accident causing the brain to collide with the skull when the head hits the dashboard. At least one of these symptoms is present: - Unconsciousness - Retrograde or anterograde amnesia surrounding the event - Confusion following the event - Neurological impairment (e.g. seizures, altered vision, olfactory impairment, paralysis, altered consciousness, loss of sensation, muscle weakness)

Answer 54

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Insidious onset, gradual progression, with possible acute episodes in a prodromal history Core diagnostic elements include: instability in cognition accompanied by alterations the ability to be alert and pay attention, detailed, persistent visual hallucinations, and elements of parkinsonism (tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia, postural instability) suddenly appear after cognitive decline. Suggestive diagnostic elements include: criteria met for REM sleep behavior disorder and acute neuroleptic sensitivity. For Probable Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies, a minimum of two core or a minimum of one core and one suggestive elements are present. For Possible Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder with Lewy Bodies, a minimum of one core or a minimum of one suggestive element is present

Answer 55

Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. "Major" means there is significant impairment, and "Mild" means there are modest declines.

Answer 56

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Consistent disinterest in sexual activity, both at times when the individual would be expected to be aroused and when there is no external pressure for arousal

Answer 57

Duration: At least 1 week Onset: - Symptoms: Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and three or more of the following: - Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity - Decreased need for sleep - Talkative/pressured talking - Flight of ideas/racing thoughts - Distractibility - Increased goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation - Excessive involvement in pleasurable activity that have high potential for painful consequences *Note that additionally, the mood is evident of a marked impairment of occupational or social functioning or necessitates hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others or due to the presence of psychotic features.

Answer 58

Duration: - Onset: Consistent with onset of a medication, such as a neuroleptic, or after reduction of an agent given to target extrapyramidal symptoms Symptoms: Feelings and observations of restlessness (e.g. fidgets, pacing, unable to be still)

Answer 59

Duration: - Onset: After starting neuroleptic or related medication; or reduction in agent that targets extrapyramidal symptoms Symptoms: Atypical, protracted contraction of muscles in the body (trunk, limbs, neck, head), or of the eyes

Answer 60

Duration: - Onset: After taking medication that may induce such symptoms; onset associated with a wide variety of medications, such as medications to treat asthma, cancer, seizures, cardiac issues, mood stabilizers, weight control, thyroid, mood and more Symptoms: Involuntary shaking secondary to the use of medication and observed when attempting to hold certain positions, engages the arms or hands, or hold the head in certain positions

Answer 61

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Some gaining cognitive deficits over time in at least one cognitive domain, such as recent memory, new learning, comprehension or expressive language, visuo-spatial abilities, executive functioning, and social skills Determined by self-report, report by significant other, by clinical report, or by standardized neuropsychological testing Impairments do not prohibit daily living (e.g. can pay bills, drive, take medications, operate household appliances)

Answer 62

Duration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating preoccupation with power and prestige, the need to both have and maintain both,beginning early in adulthood as evidenced by at least five of these: - Belief that one is better than others, exaggerates accomplishments, and demands recognition - Fantasies of limitless power, attraction, intelligence, and perfect love - Belief that one is distinctive and one-of-a kind, unable to be understood by common people, requiring someone of equally high-minded status, or an institution of a commensurate level - Demands constant admiration and praise - Believes they are worthy of things or treatment that has not been earned, and that others should bend to their will - Works to achieve own ends, regardless of the cost or impact on others - Does not have empathy for others - Envies or is jealous of what others have, or believes others are jealous of what he or she has - Demonstrates tough-minded, egotistical, arrogant manner

Answer 63

Duration: 3 months Onset: - Symptoms: Daily irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep as evidenced by one of the following: - Cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone) - Hypocretin deficiency measured via cerebrospinal fluid at 33% or less than those levels found in a healthy individual - Demonstrated REM sleep latency of 15 minutes or less on nocturnal sleep polysomnography, or mean sleep latency of 8 minutes or less and a minimum of two sleep-onset REM periods demonstrated on multiple sleep latency test

Answer 64

Duration: - Onset: Exposure and adverse reaction to antipsychotic medication or other neuroleptic drugs Symptoms: Life-threatening high fever, temperature dysregulation, sweaty, volatile blood pressure, muscle rigidity, stupor, excessive saliva, tremor, ainesia, dystonia, altered mental status, paranoia, and autonomic dysfunction

Answer 65

Duration: - Onset: After starting or increasing the amount of a neuroleptic agent, or reduction of an agent designed to target extrapyramidal symptoms Symptoms: Akinesia, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, and/or tremor

Answer 66

Symptoms: Repeated awakenings from major sleep period with detailed recall of extremely frightening dreams usually involving threats to survival, security, or self-esteem. Person experiences rapid orientation/alertness when awakened.

Answer 67

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Episodes of partial awakening from sleep, usually the initial 1/3 of the primary sleep episode, with one of the following: - Sleepwalking - Sleep terrors No detailed dream is recalled, and there is amnesia regarding the episode.

Answer 68

Symptoms: Individual experiences either obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent thoughts/impulses, not excessive worries, attempts to suppress/ignore/neutralize, recognition that they are product of their own mind. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors in response to obsession; behaviors are not realistically connected to neutralizing the obsession.

Answer 69

uration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating feelings of doubt, extreme conscientiousness, preoccupation and fanatical attention to detail, rigidity, demandingness, and perfectionism, present across multiple life areas beginning early in adulthood. At least 4 of these are present: - Loses the point of why they are doing something because of their rigid focus on how to do it - Cannot complete an activity because of the perfectionism surrounding what they require of themselves - Works to the exclusion of social outlets (e.g. relationships, hobbies, family), unless demanded by ecologically sound reasons - Inconsistent with their own spiritual beliefs or cultural values, the individual hold to a strict, inflexible moral or ethical code - Keeps objects that have no monetary, sentimental, or other value or purpose because they cannot discard them - Struggles to delegate or to team work unless the other party agrees to uphold his or her standards and desired ways of doing something - Hoards finances in the event of a future disaster, refusing to spend a penny more than required on self or others - Is rigid and inflexible

Answer 70

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Disturbed sleep characterized by either: - Polysomnography demonstrating a minimum of 5 obstructive apneas or hypopneas each hour accompanied by either nighttime breathing disturbance (gasping, snoring), or daytime fatigue and sleepiness for otherwise unexplained reasons, OR - Polysomnography of 15 or greater obstructive apneas or hypopneas each hour during sleep whether additional symptoms are present or not

Answer 71

Duration: - Onset: After recent use of an opioid Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to opioid use. As a result of opioid use, pupillary constriction or dilation and at least one of the following: - Drowsiness or coma - Slurred speech - Impairment in attention or memory.

Answer 72

Duration: - Onset: After cessation or reduction of opioid use that has been heavy or prolonged; or following administration of an opioid antagonist Symptoms: Following either stopping or reducing opioid use following heavy or prolonged use, or following the administration of an opioid antagonist, at least three of the following occur within several minutes to several days: - Dysphoric mood - Vomiting - Muscle aches - Lacrimation or rhinorrhea - Piloerection, - Pupillary dilation, or sweating - Diarrhea - Yawning - Fever - Insomnia

Answer 73

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Loses temper, argues with people in authority (if a child or adolescent, the individual argues with adults), refuses to obey, deliberately annoys others, blames others, often angry, often spiteful

Answer 74

Duration: Peaks within 10 minutes Onset: - Symptoms: Intense fear or discomfort with 4 of the following: - Increased or pounding heartbeat - Sweating - Trembling/shaking - Shortness of breath/smothering - Choking - Chest pain/discomfort - Nausea/ sick stomach - Dizziness/fainting - Derealization or depersonalization - Losing control/feeling crazy - Feeling like one is dying - Numbness/tingling - Chills/hot flashes *Note that this is not a codable disorder but is an indicator for other anxiety disorders.

Answer 75

Duration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating suspicion and distrust of others beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present: - Believes others are out to harm or take advantage of him without basis - Preoccupation with doubts of other's loyalty or ability to trust friends and those around him - Reticent to trust others, believing information will be used against him - Reads threatening or humiliating messages into statements or events - Holds grudges - Believes character or reputation is under attack when no evidence is apparent to those around him - Ongoing suspicions spouse/significant other is engaging in sexual impropriety with another

Answer 76

Duration: 6 months Onset: Minimum age 16 and a minimum of 5 years senior to the targeted child/children Symptoms: Engages in persistent, intense fantasies, desires or physical manifestations that cause sexual arousal and involve sexual behavior with a child who has not yet reached puberty. Has acted out on the desire or fantasy in a physical way. *Note that an exclusion exists for individuals in late adolescence who are involved in an ongoing relationship with a child who is at puberty (age 12 or 13).

Answer 77

Duration: 1 year Onset: Before age 18 Symptoms: Single or many motor or vocal tics that impair functioning, but there are not BOTH motor and vocal tics

Answer 78

Duration: 2 years, with symptoms continuous; in children, 1 year Onset: - Symptoms: Depressed mood and at least 2 of the following: - Decreased appetite or overeating - Insomnia or hypersomnia - Fatigue/low energy - Low self-worth - Difficulty concentrating or making decisions - Hopelessness The individual is never without symptoms for more than 2 months. Major Depressive Disorder criteria may be present for the 2 years. The individual has never experienced a manic or hypomanic episode.

Answer 79

Duration: - Onset: Within an hour of use of phencyclidine (more rapidly if smoked, taken intravenously, or sniffed/snorted) Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to phencyclidine use and the development of at least two of the following symptoms within an hour of use: - Hypertension or tachycardia - Horizontal or vertical nystagmus - Numbness - Ataxia - Dysarthria - Muscle rigidity - Seizures or comas - Hyper-sensitivity to sound

Answer 80

Duration: 1 month Onset: - Symptoms: Eating substances not culturally sanctioned or nutritional

Answer 81

Duration: More than 1 month Onset: Follows a traumatic event that involved actual or threat of death/serious injury to self or others Symptoms: - At least one element of intrusive symptoms (ex. dreams, flashbacks, anxiety at exposure to cues, numbing of responsiveness, dissociative reactions) - At least one element of avoidance symptom required - At least two elements of negative alterations related to mood and cognitions (ex. difficulty recalling elements of the traumatic event, negative beliefs about self or the world, misplaced blame, anhedonia, isolating/detaching from others emotionally or physically) - At least two changes in level of arousal or reactivity (ex. irritability/aggression, recklessness, hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, startle response, insomnia)

Answer 82

Duration: More than 1 month Onset: Follows a traumatic event that involved actual or threat of death/serious injury to self or others. This EXCLUDES events observed through electronic media of all forms and photos. Symptoms: Response to trauma involved intense fear, helplessness, horror as evidenced by: - At least one element of intrusive symptoms (ex. bad dreams, flashbacks, anxiety at exposure to cues, numbing of responsiveness, etc.; the child may not appear distressed per se, but rather the distressing content may be expressed through play or play re-enactment) - At least one element related to the traumatic event (ex. avoidance of trauma-associated cues or elements of trauma, reduced participation in meaningful activities, isolating/detaching from others emotionally or physically, reduced positive emotional expression) - At least two of these: irritability/aggression (to include severe temper tantrums), hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, startle response, restlessness or difficulty sleeping

Answer 83

Duration: At least 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Ongoing pattern of experiencing orgasm shortly after engaging in intercourse, ejaculating prior to when the individual and partner desires. Ejaculation may occur prior to penetration or shortly thereafter, within one minute.

Answer 84

Duration: 12 months Onset: Anytime after menarche Symptoms: Mood and behavioral symptoms appearing in the week prior to menses, resolving within a few days of onset, with lack of symptom impairment during the intervening weeks. Lability, mood issues, and anxiety, accompanied by behavioral changes that mirror other anxiety and depressive disorders. Not an exacerbation of another anxiety or depressive disorder.

Answer 85

uration: nearly every day for at least 1 month Onset: Loss of a loved one occurred at least 1 year ago (for adults) or at least 6 months ago (for children & adolescents) Symptoms: 3 or more of these: - Identity disruption - Marked sense of disbelief about the death - Avoidance of reminders that the person is dead - Intense emotional pain - Difficulty reintegrating into one’s relationships and activities after the death - Emotional numbness - Feeling that life is meaningless as a result of the death - Intense loneliness as a result of the death

Answer 86

uration: Less than one year Onset: Before age 18 Symptoms: One or many motor and/or vocal tics are present that impair functioning Individual has never met criteria for Tourette's or for Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder

Answer 87

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Deliberate, purposeful fire setting more than once. Fascination with fire. Tension before act; pleasure/relief after/during act.

Answer 88

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Physical activity or verbalizations during REM sleep. Orientation upon waking is common. A formal sleep study must establish a lack of muscle paralysis.

Answer 89

Onset: Before age 5 (developmental age has reached at least 9 months) Symptoms: Inappropriate social interactions caused by persistent disregard of child's emotional and/or physical needs, or repeated changes in caregiver. Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder have not been met.

Answer 90

Duration: Symptoms must appear in the legs a minimum of three times during each week for a minimum of three consecutive months Onset: - Symptoms: Extreme discomfort in the legs during inactivity, most commonly in the evenings described as pain, gnawing, itchy, crawly, throbbing or burning. Tends to worsen with age.

Answer 91

Duration: 1 month Onset: Infant or child, after period of normal functioning Symptoms: Repeated regurgitation and re-chewing of food not exclusively present during active phases of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, or Binge-Eating Disorders

Answer 92

Duration: The presence of both of the following during the course of the illness: - 2 weeks of psychotic symptoms without the presence of a major mood episode - A major mood episode concurrent with active phase symptoms of Schizophrenia Onset: - Symptoms: Major depressive episode or manic episode present for the majority of active and residual Criterion A of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenic symptoms for at least 2 weeks absent a mood episode. Symptoms not better attributed to a substance or medication or another physical/mental illness.

Answer 93

Duration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating detachment from others and limited or restricted affect in social settings beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present: - Does not want or prefer close interpersonal relationships, inclusive of familial ones - Selects solitary activities almost exclusively - Has minimal or no interest in sexual activity with another - Has pleasure from few or no activities - Outside of immediate family members, has no close friends or individuals in whom he will confide - Is indifferent when either criticized or praised by another - Demonstrates emotional detachment or flattened affect

Answer 94

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: 2 or more symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms (i.e. avolition, monosyllabic speech, lack of motivation, flat affect)

Answer 95

Duration: 1-6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Same as Schizophrenia but with different duration. May not include impaired social functioning.

Answer 96

Duration: - Symptoms: Enduring pattern of behavior demonstrating interpersonal deficits and social awkwardness associated with extreme discomfort, limited capacity for close relationships, eccentric behavior or distorted thoughts beginning early in adulthood. At least four of these are present: - Ideas of reference (not delusions of reference) - Odd beliefs that have influence over behavior, inconsistent with cultural norms; magical thinking - Unusual perceptual experiences, which may include bodily illusions - Odd cognitions and speech - Suspicions or paranoid ideations - Constricted or affect not appropriate to context - Eccentric, odd. or peculiar appearance or behavior - Outside of first-degree relatives there are no close friends or confidants - Paranoid fears fuel social anxiety, not diminishing over time or with familiarity

Answer 97

Duration: - Onset: After recent use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic with at least one of the following presents after the use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic: - Slurred speech - Incoordination - Unsteady gait - Nystagmus - Impairment of attention or memory - Stupor or coma

Answer 98

Duration: - Onset: After stopping or sharply reducing heavy and/or prolonged use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic Symptoms: At least two of the following develop after stopping or sharply reducing use of a sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic - Autonomic hyperactivity - Increased hand tremor - Insomnia - Vomiting - Transient hallucinations - Psychomotor agitation - Anxiety - Grand mal seizures

Answer 99

Duration: 1 month (exclusive of the first 30 days of school) Onset: - Symptoms: Mute in specific situations. Speaks in ordinary situations. Not due to unfamiliarity of language.

Answer 100

Duration: 4 weeks or more in children or adolescents; at least 6 months in adults Onset: - Symptoms include: - Refusal to go to school or refusal to leave home without proximity to a major attachment figure - Difficulty sleeping alone - Nightmares concerning separation from major attachment figure - Refuses separation from major attachment figure - Persistent worry about tragic event occurring when away from a significant attachment figure, such as kidnapping, disaster, or accident - Somatic symptoms when separated from major attachment figure

Answer 101

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Ongoing fantasy, desire, and behavior associated with being hit, beaten, belittled, bound, blindfolded, spanked, humiliated or otherwise made to endure some form or physical, mental, or emotional pain for the purpose of sexual gratification

Answer 102

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Ongoing fantasy, desire, and behaviors associated with deriving intense sexual pleasure and excitement from the physical, mental, or emotional suffering of another individual. Individual experiences functional impairment in at least one significant life area, or has acted out on their fantasies, desires, or behaviors with an individual who did not consent to engage in the fantasy play.

Answer 103

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Decreased respirations associated with elevated carbon dioxide levels, as evidenced by polysomnography

Answer 104

Duration: - Onset: Early developmental period, though may not be fully evident until social demands exceed abilities (typically by age 5) Symptoms: Restricted in effective and efficient capacity to communicate due to deficits in assessing the social context

Answer 105

Duration: 6 months or more Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent fear of social or performance situations. Fear of being humiliated or embarrassed (in children, must include peer settings). Exposure provokes anxiety, may include a panic attack (in children: crying, tantrums, freezing, shrinking from the situation). Avoidance of feared situation.

Answer 106

Duration: More than 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent mental energy engages thoughts and/or worry about one's health, symptoms, and associated concerns. Disproportionately excessive amounts of time and effort are given to address symptoms or health-related issues. At least one somatic symptom is present and is distressing to the point that there is disruption in activities of daily living.

Answer 107

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Deficits in mastering numerical concepts and calculations. Unable to commit needed facts to memory or do the necessary reasoning required to engage mathematical reasoning, verified by standardized measures or documented school performance.

Answer 108

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Disorder of the central nervous system characterized by deficits in deficits in perceiving, understanding or actively engaging concepts, apparent by ineffective rate, fluency, or accuracy in word recognition and reading, and in processing or recalling the information for content.

Answer 109

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Disorder of the central nervous system characterized by deficits in spelling, grammar, and organization of complete concepts or thought sufficient to relay information at a developmentally appropriate level in written format.

Answer 110

Duration: 6 months or more Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by a specific object/situation. Exposure to a feared object/situation provokes anxiety response. Avoidance, anxiety, or distress interferes with functioning.

Answer 111

Duration: - Onset: Typically by age 3, but not required by this time Symptoms: Compulsive, repetitive nonfunctional motor behavior that interferes with functioning; can be with or without self-injurious behavior

Answer 112

Duration: - Onset: Early developmental period/by age 3 Symptoms: Repeated, obsessive, almost rhythmic movements that do not appear to serve a purpose or be adaptive to the individual's context. Movements may or may not cause self-injury and can include rocking, head banging, hitting self, skin picking, nail biting, biting self, arm waving, face slapping

Answer 113

Duration: - Onset: Within recent use of stimulants cocaine, methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine Symptoms: Behavioral or psychological changes due to use of stimulants. At least two of the following develop within recent use of stimulants (cocaine, methamphetamine/"meth", dextroamphetamine,"speed"): - Tachycardia or bradycardia - Pupillary dilation - Change in blood pressure - Vomiting - Weight loss - Psychomotor agitation or retardation - Muscular weakness, chest pain, cardiac arrhythmias or respiratory depression - Confusion, seizures, or coma

Answer 114

Duration: - Onset: Stopping or reduction in use of stimulant substance (i.e. cocaine, amphetamine) that has been heavy and/or prolonged Symptoms: Dysphoric mood with at least two of these physiological changes occurring within hours or days of stopping or reduction in use of a stimulant substance that has been heavy and/or prolonged: - Fatigue - Vivid, unpleasant dreams - Insomnia or hypersomnia - Increased appetite - Psychomotor retardation or agitation

Answer 115

Duration: - Onset: Shortly after ingestion of a substance Symptoms: Reversible substance-specific syndrome due to recent usage of a substance. Cognitive, behavioral, psychological, or physiological changes occur due to use of a substance.

Answer 116

Duration: 1 year Onset: - Symptoms: A pattern of substance use despite substance-related difficulties, impacting a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological systems as shown by the following: - A markedly diminished effect of same amount of substance - Withdrawal may or may not be present, depending on the specific substance (i.e. phencyclidine and inhalants do not specify withdrawal issues) - Series of unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control amount of substance taken/used - Excessive amounts of time spent acquiring substance - Substance is used despite knowledge of undesirable consequences *Note that with severe levels of the disorder, a change in brain circuitry exists after the toxic substance has left the body. This disorder is associated with repeated relapses and cravings in the withdrawal and/or treatment processes.

Answer 117

Duration: Varies per substance Onset: - Symptoms: Development of a substance-specific syndrome due to the cessation or reduction of substance use that leads to significant distress impacting cognitive, behavioral, and/or physiological functioning

Answer 118

Duration: About a month Onset: Within 1 month of substance intoxication or withdrawal Symptoms: Prominent anxiety or panic attacks

Answer 119

Duration: - Onset: Within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal Symptoms: Elevated, euphoric, expansive or irritable mood, with or without depressed mood or anhedonia, dominating the clinical picture following substance/medication intoxication or withdrawal. The substance/medication is capable of producing the presenting symptoms. Symptoms are not better explained by a bipolar or related disorder.

Answer 120

Duration: - Onset: During or shortly after substance or medication intoxication, withdrawal, or exposure Symptoms: Depressed mood or anhedonia (diminished interest or pleasure in activities) dominates the clinical picture following exposure, intoxication or withdrawal of a substance/medication.

Answer 121

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. "Major" means there is significant impairment, and "Mild" means there are modest declines. Evidence that these symptoms are related to substance abuse.

Answer 122

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Impairment in cognitive functioning, complex attention, memory, learning, language, executive functioning, perceptual-motor, or social cognitions that is a decline from previous levels of functioning. "Major" means there is significant impairment, and "Mild" means there are modest declines. Symptoms are not present solely during the course of a delirium. Symptoms persist well beyond what would be expected in the aftermath of the substance or medication involved.

Answer 123

Duration: - Onset: Develops within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal Symptoms: Prominent hallucinations or delusions. Symptoms are not exclusively present during delirium or better explained by another psychotic disorder.

Answer 124

Duration: - Onset: Within a month of substance intoxication or withdrawal Symptoms: Disturbance in sleep

Answer 125

Duration: - Onset: After use of neuroleptic medications Symptoms: Trouble being still, difficulty sitting, having constant agitation, and some form of motion engaged Symptoms remain months or even years beyond discontinuation of the medication.

Answer 126

Duration: - Onset: After use of a neuroleptic medication, usually takes 3-4 months to develop symptoms, but that may vary depending on age and health Symptoms: Involuntary facial grimacing, jaw swinging, tongue thrusting, trunk and extremity movements

Answer 127

Duration: - Onset: After use of neuroleptic medications Symptoms: Involuntary contraction or spasm of muscles; may include foot cramping, uncontrollable blinking, speech difficulties, backward or horizontal head posturing, and generalized impact may also occur with the entire body Symptoms remain months or years beyond discontinuation of the medication.

Answer 128

Duration: 12 months Onset: - Symptoms: Persistent pattern of tobacco use leading to distress or clinical impairment, evidenced by two or more of the following: - Tobacco used in greater amounts and for more time than intended - Unsuccessful efforts to stop tobacco use when a persistent desire to do so is present - Significant time spent to get and use tobacco - Cravings, urges or strong desires to use - Use interferes with home, work or social roles - Use despite ongoing or recurrent interpersonal or social problems associated with use - Give up or reduce some activities because of tobacco use - Use tobacco when it is physically hazardous to do so - Using tobacco despite physiological problems caused or made worse by use - Tolerance - Withdrawal

Answer 129

Duration: Use tobacco for a minimum of daily for several weeks Onset: Within 24 hours of abruptly stopping or sharp reduction in use of tobacco Symptoms: Within 24 hours of abruptly stopping or sharp reduction in use of tobacco at least four of the following: - Anger, frustration and/or irritability - Anxiousness - Concentration Difficulties - Appetite increased - Restlessness - Depressed mood - Difficulty sleeping Symptoms are severe enough to impair functioning.

Answer 130

Duration: 1 year Onset: Before age 18 Symptoms: Motor and vocal tics that impair functioning

Answer 131

Duration: 6 months Onset: - Symptoms: Intense, persistent desires, fantasies, or acting out with cross-dressing for the purpose of sexual excitement or arousal

Answer 132

Duration: - Onset: - Symptoms: Recurrent pulling out hair- noticeable hair loss. Tension before act, pleasure/relief during.

DSM-5 Mental Disorders (158) Flashcards

(156 cards)