DSM IV 3

Question 1

Factitious Disorders

Answer 1

sometimes called Munchausen’s Syndrome
characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally produced or feigned
goal is to assume the sick role and there is an absence of external incentives for the behavior

Question 2

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 2

disturbance or alteration in the normally integrative functions of consciousness, identity, memory, or perception of the environment
can be gradual, transient, or chronic

Question 3

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 3

one or more episodes of a sudden inability to recall important personal information that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

Question 4

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 4

sudden, unexpected travel away from one’s home, with an inability to recall one’s past
usually confusion about one’s identity or assumption of a new identity
duration is usually brief, lasting from hours to days

Question 5

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 5

presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities, with its own pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and the self
at least two of these identities recurrently take control of the person’s behavior
there is also an inability to recall important personal information that is too expensive to be explained by forgetfulness

Question 6

Depersonalization Disorder

Answer 6

persistent or recurrent episodes of feeling detached from one’s mental processes (e.g. feeling like one is in a dream)
reality testing remains intact during the experience

Question 7

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Answer 7

absence of desire for sexual activity

Question 8

Sexual Aversio nDisorder

Answer 8

aversion to and avoidance of sexual contact

Question 9

Female Sexual Arousal Disorder

Answer 9

failure to achieve or maintain the physiological response of sexual excitement

Question 10

Male Erectile Disorder

Answer 10

Inability to achieve or maintain an erection

Question 11

Treatment of Sexual Arousal Disorders

Answer 11

Master’s and Johnson’s Sensate Focus

targets excitement phase of the sexual response cycle

Question 12

Female/Male Orgasmic DIsorder

Answer 12

persistent delay in organism following sexual excitement

Question 13

Dyspareunia vs. Vaginismus

Answer 13

Dyspareunia - occurs in both men and women; involves pain in the genitals associated with intercourse
Vaginismus - only occurs in women; involuntary spasms of the muscles in the outer third of the vagina

Question 14

Paraphilias

Answer 14

sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve nonhuman objects, the suffering or humiliation of oneself of one’s partner, or children or other nonconsenting persons

Question 15

Exhibitionism
Fetishism
Frotteurism
Pedophilia
Sexual Masochism
Sexual Sadism
Transvestic Fetishism
Voyeurism

Answer 15

Fantasies, urges, or behavior involving:
Exhibitionism - exposing one’s genitals to a stranger
Fetishism - the use of nonhuman objects
Frotteurism - rubbing or touching a non-consenting person
Pedophilia - sexual contact with a prepubescent child (13 years or less); person must be at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than person being fantasized about
Sexual Masochism - the act of being humiliated or made to suffer
Sexual Sadism - sexual excitement resulting from the physical or psychological suffering of a victim
Transvestic Fetishism - crossdressing (in a heterosexual male)
Voyeurism - observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity

Question 16

Treatment of sex offenders

Answer 16

aversive counterconditioning sometimes used
may have short-term results, but associated with high recidivism in the long-run
also - CBT, hormonal therapy (reduce recidivism rates by 30% over course of 7 years)
vast majority of offenders do offend again

Question 17

Gender Identity Disorder

Answer 17

cross-gender identification as well as either persistent discomfort with their assigned sex or a sense of inappropriateness in that gender role

Question 18

Gender Identity DIsorder - ma;e:female ratio among children and adults

Answer 18

5:1 among children

2-3:1 among adults

Question 19

Onset of Gender Identity Disorder among children

Answer 19

between the ages of 2 and 4

only small minority of children with this diagnosis will continue to meet criteria in adolescence or adulthood

Question 20

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 20

refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimally normal weight which results in the person weighing less than 85% of the expected weight
intense fear of gaining weight
amenorrhea for at least 3 consecutive cycles

Question 21

two types of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 21

Restricting Type

Binge-Eating/Purging Type

Question 22

treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 22

multi-disciplinary approach
Behavioral approaches, including contingency management, used to reinforce appropriate eating and weight gain
CBT
Psychodynamic interventions to address issues related to control and feelings of inadequacy
Structural Family Therapy to treat family dynamics
Medications may also be used to treat concomitant depression

Question 23

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 23

recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain
episodes occur at least twice a week for three months

Question 24

two types of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 24

Purging Type and Nonpurging Type

Question 25

Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 25

Antidipressants, including tricyclics and SSRIs, are commonly prescribed and higly effective

Question 26

Primary neurotransmitters involved in eating disorders

Answer 26

Serotonin

Question 27

Primary Insomnia vs. PRimary Hypersomnia

Answer 27

Primary Insomnia - difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or complaints of nonrestorative sleep Primary Hypersomnia - excessive sleepiness for at least 1 month, involving either prolonged sleep episodes or daytime sleep episodes that occur almost dailyi

Question 28

Narcolepsy

Answer 28

daily occurrence of irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep at least three months duration usually involves cataplex - sudden loss of muscle ton, typically occurring at times of intense emotion recurrent intrusions of REM sleep into transition between sleep and wakefulness - manifest as hypnogogic hallucinations at the onset of sleep, hynopompic hallucinations on awakening, or as sleep paralysis at the beginning or end of sleep episodes

Question 29

hypnogogic vs hypnopompic hallucinations

Answer 29

visual, tactile, auditory, or other sensory events, usually brief but occasionally prolonged, that occur at the transition from wakefulness to sleep (hypnagogic) or from sleep to wakefulness (hypnopompic).

Question 30

Nightmare Disorder | age of onset

Answer 30

occurs during REM sleep, typically during the end of the night person repeatedly awakens from sleep with detailed recall of frightening dreams on awakening, person rapidly becomes alert and oriented age of onset - 3 to 5 years

Question 31

Sleep Terror Disorder | age of onset

Answer 31

recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening that begins with a panicky scream and usually occurs during the first third of the night age of onset - ages 4 to 8

Question 32

Sleep Terror Disorder episodes

Answer 32

last from one to ten minutes, during which person evidences intense fear, and autonomic arousal, and is generally unresponsive to efforts to be comforted after episodes - total amnesia for episode, no recall of dream

Question 33

Sleep Terrors occur...

Answer 33

during non-REM sleep, stages 3 and 4, which correspond to high EEG delta activity

Question 34

Sleepwalking Disorder | age of onset

Answer 34

repeated episodes of rising from bed and walking around, typically occurring during the first third of the night unresponsive during episode and amnesia for it afterwards age of onset - ages 4 to 8

Question 35

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Answer 35

discrete episodes of serious assaultative acts or destruction of property

Question 36

Personality Disorder - symptom areas

Answer 36

``` cognition affect interpersonal functioning impulse control diagnosis requires symptoms in at least two areas ```

Question 37

Onset of personality disorders; Age of diagnosis

Answer 37

adolescence or early adulthood diagnosis can be made in persons under age 18 if features have been present for at least 1 year, with exception of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 38

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Answer 38

pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others | tend to interpret actions of others as deliberately demeaning, threatening, and malevolent

Question 39

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Answer 39

detachment from and indifference to social relationships, as well as restricted range of emotions In contrast to the Avoidant Personality, the Schizoid Personality is content with or even prefers his/her isolation.

Question 40

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Answer 40

deficits in interpersonal functioning marked by discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships, as well as by peculiarities in cognition, perception, ideation, appearance, and behavior tend to be detached and to lack desire for relationships In contrast to the Schizoid Personality, Schizotypal includes cognitive or perceptual distortions.

Question 41

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 41

pervasive of disregard for and violation of the rights of others since at least age 15, characterized by irresponsible and antisocial behavior

Question 42

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 42

significant impulsivity and a pattern of instability of mood, interpersonal relationships, and self-image

Question 43

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Answer 43

excessive emotionality and attention-seeking

Question 44

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 44

pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Question 45

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Answer 45

pattern of social discomfort and inhibition, fear of and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, and feelings of inadequacy

Question 46

Dependent Personality DIsorder

Answer 46

pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that results in submissive and clinging behaviors, difficulties making decisions, and fears of separation

Question 47

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Answer 47

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control that results in inflexibility and inefficiency In contrast to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, there are no true obsessions or compulsions.