due Flashcards
What are the 2 types of chest drain bottle?
Passive drainage system: employs a positive expiratory pressure and gravity to drain the pleural space, helps recreate a -ve pressure in the pleural space (Contains a small amount of water)
Active closed drainage system: delivers suction (to help the lung re-expand), allows to measure if there is any ongoing air leak between the lung + pleural cavity.
Where does the chest drain act?
It drains air/ blood/ pus etc from the pleural space
What can be seen once a chest drain has been inserted?
Bubbling as air leaves pleural space
Instructions to pt about chest drain?
- Bottle must always be below level of waist
- May be asked to cough so HCP can check if it’s working
- You will have a waterproof dressing over the suture site
What is this?
CSF manometer
What is a CSF manometer used for?
Identification of opening pressures- represent intracranial pressure in LP
Measurement is in cm H2O
What are the ranges of normal opening pressures on LP?
10-18cm H2O lying on their side
20-30cm H2O when sat up
What is this and what is it used for?
Devers retractor
Retraction in abdominal surgery
What is this? What is it used for?
Diathermy (monopolar)
Coagulation + dissection of tissue
What are the possible complications of diathermy?
- Risk of burning hands
- Risk of fire if alcohol wash used
What is this? What is it used for?
Disposable rigid sigmoidoscope
Inspection of rectum + lower sigmoid colon
Can take biopsies of rectal mucosa
Describe use of disposable rigid sigmoidoscope
Light source + air pumping device attached
Patient in left lateral position
Lubricate scope
Insert pointing towards umbilicus
Air pumped into rectum to allow visualisation of lumen
What is this?
Drainage bag that may be attached to NG tube/ abdo drain
(closed passive drainage system, relies on gravity)
What is this? When is it used?
Endotracheal tube with tape and syringe
= definitive airway
used in trauma cases, surgery with GA + patients with GCS <8
How is an endotracheal tube inserted?
Using a laryngoscope + Eschmann Tracheal Tube Introducer (ETTI aka bougie)
Balloon at end inflated with air through blue side port to maintain position + protect from aspiration
Tape secures the airway
Connected to O2 + ensures adequate gaseous exchange
How is positioning of an endotracheal tube checked?
Looking for symmetrical rising of the chest on ventilation, breath sounds bilaterally + no gurgling over the epigastrium indicating oesophageal intubation
List 5 complications of endotracheal tube usage
Inappropriate placing (oesophageal)
Injury to larynx
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis
Infection
What is this?
Epidural insertion pack (needle, catheter, catheter adaptor)
What type of needle is used for epidurals?
Touhy needle with clear depth marking for accurate insertion depth reading
What is the epidural catheter specially designed for?
Short + long term anaesthesia + pain relief
Adaptor for safe + secure attachment to catheter for convenience of procedure
What is this?
Faeces sample pot
What tests can be used on a stool sample? How long does it take for results to come back?
MCS: up to 4d
Rotavirus/ Adenovirus/ Norovirus: same day
Glutamine Dehydrogenase (GDH): C.diff
C.DIff Toxin test: only performed if GDH +ve
C.Difficile ribotyping: up to 2w
Microscopy for Ova, Cysts + parasites: 4d
Helicobacter antigen testing: up to 1w
What is this? What is it used for?
Feeding NG tube (clinifeed tube)
Long term enteral nutrition
