Dumb crap I cannot remember

Question 1

normal FBS

diabetes FBS

Answer 1

<100

> 126

Question 2

normal GTT

diabetes GTT

Answer 2

<140

> 200

Question 3

normal HbA1C

diabetes HbA1C

Answer 3

<5.7%

> 6.5%

Question 4

3rd nerve palsy: think ______

Answer 4

diabetes

Question 5

wet keratin: think _________

Answer 5

craniopharyngioma

Question 6

• clear lipid containing cells
• low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio
• rare/absent mitoses

Answer 6

adrenal cortical adenoma

Question 7

-diffusely thickened cortex with streaks

Answer 7

Adrenal hyperplasia

Question 8

variegated surface

Answer 8

adrenal cortical carcinoma

Question 9

Zellballen

Answer 9

pheochromocytoma

Question 10

insulitis

Answer 10

pathologic trademark of T1DM

lymphocytic infilitrate in glomerulus

Question 11

N/V
Weight loss
fatigue

Answer 11

HYPOcortisolism

Question 12

acromegaly –> increased risk of dying of ___ & ____

Answer 12

heart disease

colon cancer

Question 13

most common cause of Cushings

Answer 13

pituitary tumor

Question 14

diabetes
DVT
rash

Answer 14

glucagonoma

Question 15

Albright’s Hereditary Osteodystrophy

Answer 15

• pesudohypoparathyroidism
• AD
• short stature
• round face
• developmental delay
• short 4th/5th metacarpals

PTH INDEPENDENT
unresponsiveness of kidney

high PTH
low Ca
high alk phos

Question 16

best way to assess for adequate production of GH?

Answer 16

insulin tolerance test

insulin –> hypoglycemia –> incr GH

Question 17

glucocorticoid effect on:

1. gluconeogenesis
2. protein synthesis
3. immune response
4. osteoclasts

Answer 17

1. incr gluconeogen
2. decr protein synth
3. decr immune response
4. incr osteoclast formation

Question 18

administration of Cortrosyn causes what?

Answer 18

increased cortisol (in normal adrenals)

if no response –> adrenal atrophy

Question 19

adrenal cortical adenoma: first steps

Answer 19

watchful waiting

usually non-functional adrenal incidentalomas

Question 20

mature-appearing neurons in a background of Schwann cells

Answer 20

ganglioneuroma

Question 21

paraganglioma (or pheo) is usually due to lack of what enzyme?

Answer 21

succinate DH

Question 22

Conn Syndrome =

Answer 22

primary hyperaldo

Question 23

Tx for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 23

spironolactone

Question 24

elevated catecholamine metabolites

also: what age, histology?

Answer 24

neuroblastoma

children
homer-wright rosettes

Question 25

which organs do NOT increase metabolic rate with T3

Answer 25

brain, spleen, gonads

Question 26

why does rT3 increase?

Answer 26

starvation do not want metabolic rate to increase; need to conserve energy

Question 27

increased sedimentation rate

Answer 27

subacute thyroiditis

Question 28

PTH acts on osteo Blasts or Clasts?

Answer 28

Blasts | --> crosstalk to activate osteoclasts

Question 29

RankL

Answer 29

recruits osteoclasts to bone surface to increase resorption

Question 30

actions of Vitamin D

Answer 30

increased serum Ca increased serum phos increases Ca/Phos reabs in gut, DCT mobilize Ca out of bone (?)

Question 31

other name for activated vit D

Answer 31

calcitriol

Question 32

receptor type for calcitriol

Answer 32

nuclear hormone receptor

Question 33

FBHH inheritance

Answer 33

AD

Question 34

PTHrP

Answer 34

released from small cell lung cancer incr osteoclast activity paradoxical inhibition of Ca reabs in kidney

Question 35

glucagon release stimulated by

Answer 35

low blood glucose | high AA

Question 36

decrease CV events (diabetes med)

Answer 36

empagaflozin liraglutide semaglutide

Question 37

don't use with heart failure (diabetes med)

Answer 37

-glitazones