dumes

Question 1

a premature new born is found to be tachypnoeic. On examination there is intercostal recession, nasal flaring and cyanosis. What explains the respiratory distress

Answer 1

the law of La place

Question 2

what is the law of la place

Answer 2

the tension exterted on a spherical wall of set pressure is inversely proportional to the spheres thickness

Question 3

boyles law

Answer 3

the volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure exerted on it.

Question 4

daltons law

Answer 4

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual component gases

Question 5

henrys law

Answer 5

the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid when the temperature is kept constant.

Question 6

bohr effect

Answer 6

describes hemoglobin’s lower affinity for oxygen secondary to increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and/or decreased blood pH.

Question 7

haldane effect

Answer 7

shift in the CO2 dissociation curve caused by oxygenation of Hb.

Question 8

what nerves carry exclusively parasympathetic nerve fibres

Answer 8

cranisal nerves II, VII, IX and X

Question 9

normal genes that stimulate cell division

Answer 9

proto oncogenes

Question 10

rate limiting enzyme in glycogenesis

Answer 10

glycogen synthase

Question 11

rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis

Answer 11

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 12

rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis

Answer 12

fructose 1,6- biphophonate

Question 13

rate limiting enzyme in lipogeneisis

Answer 13

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 14

what immunoglobulin is dominant in the secondary memory immune response

Answer 14

igG

Question 15

cMYC

Answer 15

burkitts lymphoma

Question 16

nMYC

Answer 16

neuroblastoma

Question 17

BCL-2

Answer 17

follicular lymphoma

Question 18

RAS

Answer 18

pancreatic cancer

Question 19

ABL

Answer 19

chronic myeloid leukaemia

Question 20

what cancer is most associated with psammoma body formation

Answer 20

mesothelioma

Question 21

what are psammoma bodies

Answer 21

collections of calcium in biopsy samples of mesothelioma

Question 22

CA -125

Answer 22

ovarian cancer

Question 23

what HPV are associated iwth cervical cancer

Answer 23

16 and 18

Question 24

what HPV causes genital warts

Answer 24

6 and 11

Question 25

how are skeletal muscle differentiated from cardiac muscle

Answer 25

by the presence of multiple, elongated nuclei found at the periphery of muscle fibres

Question 26

what muscle has a strated appearance

Answer 26

skeletal and cardiac

Question 27

skeletal muscle junctions

Answer 27

neurogenic

Question 28

malignant neoplasm of bone

Answer 28

osteosarcoma

Question 29

vagal stimulation

Answer 29

causes negative chronotropic effect on th eheart

Question 30

kidney bean shaped nucleus

Answer 30

macrophage

Question 31

responsible for destruction of large parasites which cannot be phagocytosed

Answer 31

mast cell

Question 32

sarcoidosis hypersensitivity

Answer 32

type IV

Question 33

when does hyperpolristion come as a resuly from

Answer 33

sodium channels close, K channels open

Question 34

what is a sarcoma

Answer 34

malignant connective tissue tumour

Question 35

depolaristaion during an action potential is primarily caused by what

Answer 35

influc of sodium through voltage gated ion channels

Question 36

elbow joint

Answer 36

hinge type synovial joint

Question 37

sternoclavicular

Answer 37

saddle shaped synovial joint

Question 38

intersseos membrane of the forearm

Answer 38

fibrous joint

Question 39

pubic symphysis

Answer 39

secondary cartaglinous joint

Question 40

level of the male nipple

Answer 40

t4