Dummies RM

Question 1

What are the five key ethical principles that underpin psychological research?

Answer 1

Beneficence and non-maleficence (always try to help and never do harm)
Fidelity and responsibility (aim to establish trust, behave with professional responsibility and contribute to the discipline)
Integrity (behave in an accurate, honest and truthful manner)
Justice (promote fairness and equality)
Respect for people’s right and dignity

Question 2

What are the five key components of the research process?

Answer 2

Ensure that people provide valid consent to participate in the research.
Ensure that participants know about their rights to withdraw from the research.
Ensure confidentiality of data.
Ensure that research participants are not deceived (unless there is a strong justification).
Ensure that participants are fully debriefed at the end of the study.

Question 3

What are the different types of test or questionnaire validity in quantitative psychology research?

Answer 3

Face validity: test looks as if it measures what it claims to measure
Convergent validity: test correlates highly with other assessments of the same or similar constructs
Divergent validity: test has low correlations with measures not theoretically related to the construct
Content validity: test assesses every aspect of the psychological construct it claims to measure
Concurrent validity: test is related to a criterion or outcome as predicted, and both measures are administered concurrently
Predictive validity: test is related to a criterion or outcome as predicted; the test is administered now but the outcome is assessed at some point in the future

Question 4

What types of validity can study designs have?

Answer 4

• • Internal validity: the extent to which the study design allows you to make cause-and-effect conclusions
• • External validity: the extent to which the study can be generalised to a larger group or to different settings
    • ** Population validity (a type of external validity): the likelihood that the study findings can be generalised to the wider population of interest
    • ** Ecological validity (a type of external validity): the likelihood that results can be generalised from the setting of the study to everyday life