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Duriense: Douro and Porto Flashcards

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1
Q

Duriense IGP

2 DOPs

A
  • Douro
  • Porto
    • Douro and Porto were once included in the Transmontano region, prior to the creation of the Duriense IGP
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2
Q

Port

Preferred Soil Type

A

Schist (Douro)

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3
Q

Douro Valley

Climate

A

Continental

  • Hot summers and cold winters, temp drops below freezing
  • Becomes progressively drier toward Spanish border
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4
Q

Douro

2 Granite Mountains

A
  • Marão
  • Montemuro Mountains
    • Barriers to humid Atlantic winds
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5
Q

Douro

3 subzones

A
  • Baixo Corgo - west, highest desnsity of plantings
  • Cima Corgo - highest total vineyard acreage
  • Douro Superior - stretches to Spanish border, the largest, most arid, an most sparsely planted region in Douro
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6
Q

Douro

Westernmost subzone with the highest density of plantings

A

Baixo Corgo

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7
Q

Douro

Subzone with highest total vineyard acreage

A

Cima Corgo

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8
Q

Douro

Largest, most arid, and most sparsely planted subzone that stretches to Spanish border

A

Douro Superior

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9
Q

licoroso

A

fortified

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10
Q

Fortified Port from the Douro region is released as what?

A

Porto DOP

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11
Q

% of the Douro region’s wine is released as Porto

A

50%

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12
Q

Douro

Five varietals for higher quality reds

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • Touriga Francesca
  • Tinta Roriz
  • Tinta Cão
  • Tinta Barroca

  • equally suited for Port production and table wines
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13
Q

Douro

Four major white varietals

A
  • Malvasia Fina
  • Viosinho
  • Rabigato
  • Gouveio
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14
Q

Grape used for fortified Moscatel wines in Douro

A

Moscatel Galego

  • May carry an age designation in the manner of tawney Port
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15
Q

Douro

reserva - min alcohol

A

11.5% - white (vs standard 10.5% white and rosado)

12% - rosado or red (vs standard 11% red)

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16
Q

Douro

reserva - aging requirements

A
  • 6 months - white reserva
  • 1 year - red reserva
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17
Q

Colheita Tardia

A

Late harvest wines

  • May be produced as Douro DOP
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18
Q

Three Port houses at the forefront of the table wine revolution

A
  • Niepoort
  • Quinta do Crasto
  • Ramos Pinto
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19
Q

What IGP encompasses Douro and Porto DOP’s?

A

Duriense IGP

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20
Q

What are the mountain ranges of Duriense IGP?

A

Marão and Montemuro

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21
Q

What is the preferred soil type for Port?

A

Schist

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22
Q

What is the major soil type of the Marão and Montemuro Mountains?

A

Granite

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23
Q

What is the climate of Duriense IGP?

A

Continental - hot summers and freezing winters

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24
Q

What are the three subzones of the Douro?

A

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior

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25
What subzone of the Douro has the highest density of plantings?
Baixo Corgo
26
What subzone of the Douro has the highest acreage overall?
Cima Corgo
27
What subzone of the Douro is driest and most sparsely planted?
Douro Superior
28
What wines are released as Douro DOP?
Table wines, Espumanto do Douro (sparkling), Colheita Tardiva (late harvest), and fortified Moscatel
29
What wines are released as Porto DOP?
Port
30
What % of production is released as Porto DOP?
50%
31
What is Moscatel Galego?
Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains - formally, Moscatel Galego Branco When bottled as fortified wine, may use the same naming conventions as tawny port.
32
What are the main red varietals of the Douro?
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, Tinta Barroca
33
What are the main white varietals of the Douro?
Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio
34
What is the minimum abv for white wines in the Douro? What changes for reserva?
5% for standard wines 5% for Reserva
35
What is the minimum abv for red wines in the Douro? What changes for reserva?
11% for standard wines 12% for reserva wines
36
What are the aging requirements for reserva wines in the Douro?
Whites: 6mos Reds: 1yr
37
What are the requirements for Grande Reserva in the Douro?
Wines must meet reserva requirements, and score exceptionally well in blind tasting analyses.
38
When was the requirement to mature all Port wines in Vila Nova de Gaia lifted? Why?
1986, when Portugal joined the EU.
39
What was the first major dry Douro wine estate? Who started it?
Barca Velha, started by the Port house Ferreira (now owned by Sogrape)
40
Name three port houses at the forefront of table wine production
Niepoort Quinta do Crasto Ramos Pinto
41
What is Quinta do Vale Meão?
An estate in Douro Superior, previously the main source of fruit for Barca Vellha, now producing on its own ("cult star").
42
What is Trincadeira known as in the Douro?
Tinta Amarela
43
What is the spanish synonym for Gouveio?
Godello
44
When was the Douro region formally established?
1756
45
What are feitoria?
The best vineyards of the Douro, originally reserved for English export.
46
What are rama?
Lesser vineyards, originally designated for domestic consumption.
47
What are the 5 best red grapes for Douro and Porto?
Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Barroca
48
Name 4 white grapes in the production of Douro and Porto?
Malvasia Fina Vosinho Rabigato Gorveio
49
What are the wines produced under Douro DOP?
Table wines - Moscatel do Douro (Licoroso and Rare)
50
What % of Douro's wines are released as Porto?
50%
51
What is the preferred soil type in in the Douro?
Schist
52
What did the English nickname Port?
Blackstrap
53
What are 3 English port houses established by 1700?
Warre & Co Croft Taylors
54
What Port houses are making good table wines?
Niepoort Quinta do Crasto Ramos Pintos
55
What ships were traditionally used to transport Port casks in from Pinhão downriver to Villa Nova de Gaia?
Barco Rabelo
56
What 2 wines benefitted from "Torna Viagem"?
Madiera Setubal
57
Name the 2 DOP's of the Duriense region?
Douro and Porto
58
What was Portugal's first demarcated wine region?
The Douro
59
Name the 2 mountain ranges of the Douro?
Maro Montemuro
60
Main soil type of the Douro?
Schist
61
What is the climate in the Douro Valley?
Continental climate of severely hot summers and cold winters, temps often dip below freezing
62
Name the subzones of the Douro from West to East:
Baixo Corgo Cima Corgo Douro Superior
63
Name the principle red grape of the Douro:
Touriga Nacional Touriga France Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Barroca
64
Name the principle white grapes of the Douro:
Malvasia Fina Viosinho Rabigato Gouveio
65
What govt body supervises the promotion/production and trade of all Porto/Douro DOP wines?
Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto (IVDP)
66
What is "Lei de Terco"?
"Law of the Third" - a decree restricting sales of Port to 1/3 of a house's total inventory annually
67
Name the preferred red grapes for Port production:
Tourica Nacional Touriga Francesa Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Barroca Tinta Amarela Tinta Francisca Bastardo Mourisco Tinto
68
Preferred red grapes of Port must be ____% of blend:
min 60%
69
Name the preferred white grapes for Port production:
Gouveio Malvasia Fina Viosinho Rabigato Esgana Cao Folgasao
70
What is the name of the ope granite troughs that Port grapes are traditionally crushed in?
Lagares
71
What is beneficio and when does it occur in Port production?
Benficio - the fortification of a wine w/ spirit - it occurs when approx. 1.3 of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol
72
What is aguardiente?
"burning water" 77% ABV - neutral grape spirit used to fortify Port - contributes nothing flavor-wise
73
In Port production, Aquardiente is added in what ratio?
1:4
74
Name for the traditional barrel used to aging and shipping Port?
Pipe Port Pipes, as mentioned, are wine barrels somewhere between low **550 liters** to just above 600 liters. Typically, around 550 liters. Exact content size varies a lot as they are handmade and quite old, typically 80-100+ years old. The larger companies still employ in-house Coopers to take care of all the wood barrels.
75
What is the size of a Port pipe used for shipping Port?
534.24 L
76
What is the name of the suburb in Oporto where Port wines have traditionally been aged:
Villa Nova de Gaia
77
Aging requirements for Vintage Port:
Vintage Port must be authorized by the IVDP - aged in cask before being bottled by July 30th of the third year after harvest
78
What is a Single Quinta Vintage Port:
- Production of one year's harvest - often if a port house cannot confidently declare a vintage, it may showcase the fruit of one of its better estates as a vintage wine
79
What are the aging requirements for Late Bottled Vintage Port:
4-5 years in cask prior to bottling - some mellowed tones like tawny, but youthful fruit - always the production of a single vintage - filtered prior to bottling - does not improve with bottle age
80
Aging requirements for Tawny Port:
Ages for at least 7 years prior to bottling - blended from several vintages - retains some youthful freshness w/ hints of creamy, delicate nature of true tawny - will not improve with bottle age
81
What are the ages that "tawny port with indication of age" may display?
10 20 30 40 years old
82
What are the requirements for Colheita Tawny Port:
Vintage-dated - min 7 years in cask - "Colheita" means "Vintage"
83
The best Ports are located around which town?
Pinhão
84
What is "Garrafeira Port"?
Extremely rare - start off like Colheitas but are taken out of wood between 3-6 years and kept for years in large glass demi-johns - very elegant Ports
85
Best Port vintages of the 80's:
1980 - recognized for quality years after declaration 1983 - declared by most houses, muscular 1985 - classic vintage
86
Best Port vintages of the 1990's:
1991 - first declared vintage for 6 years 1992 - declared by some (rich, concentrated) 1994 - classic, monumental wines 1997 - last generally declared vintage of the 20th century
87
Best Port vintages of the 2000's:
2000 - hugely concentrated, small quantities 2003 - classic port with ripe flavors 2007 - IVDP announced biggest vintage declared to date 2011 - great year 2015 - not widely declared but a good year 2016 - big, aromatic, and balanced 2017 - concentration, intensity and structure
88
Name the single quinta of Cockburns:
Quinta dos Canais
89
Name the single quinta of Croft:
Quinata do Tua
90
Name the single quinta of Dows:
Quinta do Bomfim
91
Name the single quinta of Ferreira:
Quinta do Porto
92
Name the single quinta of Fonseca:
Quinta do Panascal
93
Name the single quinta of Graham's:
Quinta dos Malvedos
94
Name the single quinta Niepoort:
Quinta do Passadouro
95
Name the single quinta of Quinta do Noval:
Quinta do Noval Quinta do Silval Quinta do Noval Nacional
96
Name the single quinta of Sandeman:
Quinta do Van Quinta do Seixo
97
Name the single quinta of Taylor-Fladgate:
Quinta do Vargellas Quinta de Terre Feita Quinta do Junco
98
Name the single quinta of Warres:
Quinta da Cavadinha
99
The IVDP grants each grower's beneficio authorization, what is this?
The max amount of wine that can be fortified each year based on a matrix of 12 factors relating to soil/climate/vine - each factor has a min/max point score associated total points being 2361 available - vineyards scoring over 1200 are Grade A - between 1001-1200 are Grade B - all the way to F
100
When did German Christiano Kopke found his port house?
1638 - from decades before first recorded shipment of port to England

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