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Portugal > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

garrafeira

A

“private wine cellar” - min aging

  • Tinto
    • min 30 mo, 12 mon bottle
  • Branco and Rosado
    • min 12 mo, 6 mon bottle
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2
Q

Vintage garrafeira

Pioneer

A

Niepoort

  • After a few years in barrels, aged min 8 years in glass demijohns
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3
Q

Still Portuguese table wines

reserva

A

min. 0.5% higher alcohol than the legal min. est. by respective DOP or IGP

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4
Q

Traditional method sparkling wines

reserva

A

min 12 mo lees

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5
Q

Colheita Seleccionada

A

1% higher alcohol than est. by the regional appellation

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6
Q

Most planted red casta (grape variety) in Portugal

A
  • Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, Tempranillo)
    • Highest acreage under vine, 2017
  • Followed by Touriga Franca
  • Alfrocheiro, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela), Baga are also widely cultivated
  • Until recently, Castelão was most planted
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7
Q

Who brought the Castelão grape from Tejo to Terras do Sado (now Península de Sétubal), where they began bottling the grape under the “Periquita” brand?

A

J.M. da Fonseca

  • The “Perequita” brand was a great success, leading other producers to adopt the “Perequita” moniker as a synonym for the grape
  • A convention J.M. da Fonseca successfully contested in court
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8
Q

Portugal’s finest red costa

A

Touriga Nacional

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9
Q

Touriga Nacional

% of Portugal’s vineyard acreage

A

10%

  • Inky, full-bodied, structured
  • Cherished for Port blends
  • Low-yielding vines produces extemely small berries, valued for their extraction potential and concentration in red table blends
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10
Q

Dão

Most planted red casta

A

Jaen (Mencia)

  • Despite originating in the Dão, Touriga Nacional has been supplanted by Jaen
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11
Q

Touriga Nacional

Two synonyms

A
  • Bical Tinto
  • Mortágua Preto
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12
Q

Besides Castelão and Touriga Nacional, four other widely cultivated red grape varietals in Portugal

A
  • Alfrocheiro
  • Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
  • Baga
  • Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, aka Tempranillo in Spain)
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13
Q

Portugal

Most planted white casta

A

Fernão Pires

  • Known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada
  • Early-ripening, aromatic grape found throughout Portugal, but concentrated in Bairrada and the southern plains of Tejo
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14
Q

Fernão Pires

Synonym in Bairrada

A

Maria Gomes

  • Workhorse, producing fairly simple, honeyed wines that are often prone to oxidation and low acidity
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15
Q

Dão

Common white grape for higher quality wines

A

Encruzado - Dão

  • Elegant, balanced, floral, citrus; gains complex nutty, resinous aromas with age
  • Oak sometimes used in fermentation
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16
Q

Arinto

A

Arinto

  • 1 of Portugal’s oldest indigenous varietals
  • Best from coastal regions, Bucelas in particular
  • Lively, mineral-tinged whites grown throughout the country​
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17
Q

Alentejano

Most important white grape

A

Antão Vaz

  • Aromatic, tropical
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18
Q

Major region for Alvarinho (Spain’s Albarino)

A

Vinho Verde

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19
Q

Varietal also known as Esgana Cao - the “dog strangler”

A

Sercial

  • Highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira
  • Often confused with its homophone Cercial, which is used in the Dão, Douro and Bairrada blends, but genetically distinct
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20
Q

Portugal

1st demarcated wine region

A

Douro

  • One of the 1st appellations recognized in Europe
  • UNESCO World Heritage Site
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21
Q

Portugal

Largest DOP

A

Vinho Verde DOP“green wine”

  • 15% of nation’s total vineyard acreage
  • Red, white, rosado
  • Assortment of grapes
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22
Q

Douro Valley

Subregions

A
  • Baixo Corgo
  • Cima Corgo
  • Douro Superior
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24
Q

Best Port vintage of the 1950s

A

1955

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25
Q

Pico

A
  • DOP for fortified wines from the Azores islands
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26
Q

What traditional terms fall under the category of DOP in Portugal?

A

DOC (Denominação de Origem Controlada)

IPR ( Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada)

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27
Q

What traditional terms fall under the category of IGP in Portugal?

A

IG (Indicação Geogràfica)

VR (Vinhos Regional)

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28
Q

What is the Treaty of Methuen?

A

A treaty between England and Portugal in 1703 that established long-lasting trade agreement with preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines.

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29
Q

What is the Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro?

A

Also known as the Douro Wine Company; a government-established group created in the 1750’s to regulate the port industry and eliminate fraud.

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30
Q

What are Vinhos ao Roda?

A

Madeiras that made the Transatlantic trip.

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31
Q

What are Vinhos Canteiro?

A

Madeiras matured on the island.

32
Q

What are the aging requirements for Garrafeira?

A

Tinto: 30mos, including 12 in bottle

Branco/Rosado: 12mos, including 6 in bottle

33
Q

What does vintage Garrafeira port indicate? Who pioneered this style?

A

At least 8 years aging in demi-johns.

Niepoort.

34
Q

What does reserva indicate for still wines?

A

+.5% abv than the legal minimum

35
Q

What does reserva indicate for traditional method sparkling wines?

A

12mos sur lie

36
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada mean?

A

+1%abv above the legal minimum

37
Q

What is the most widely grown casta in Portugal?

A

Castelão

38
Q

What is Portugal’s most noble casta?

A

Touriga Nacional

39
Q

What is the the synonym for Jaen?

A

Mencia

40
Q

What are the two Portuguese synonyms for Tempranillo?

A

Tinta Roriz and Aragonez

41
Q

What is Esgana Cão?

A

A synonym for Sercial

42
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Portugal?

A

Fernão Pires/Maria Gomez

43
Q

What 2 mountain ranges run through Douro DOP?

A

Marao
Montemuro

  • Act as barriers to the humid Atlantic
44
Q

What are the dominant soil types of Portugal?

A

Shallow granitic soil

45
Q

What was DOC renamed to retain eligibility for EU protection?

A

DOP
Denominacao de Origin Protegia

46
Q

Synonym for Sercial:

A

Esgana Cao (dog strangler)

47
Q

What is Trousseau known as in Portugal?

A

Bastardo

48
Q

What is the Portuguese term for varietal?

A

Casta

49
Q

What does “Colheita Seleccionada” mean on a label?

A

Indiactes 1% higher ABV than established by the Regional appellation

50
Q

What does “Riserva” mean for still/sparkling wines?

A

Indicates 0.5% higher than legal min for DOP/IGP
- Sparkling: 12 months on the lees

51
Q

Who originally bottled “Perequita” wine?

A

J.M. da Fonseca
- Castelao
- Other producers started bottling it as a synonym for the grape

52
Q

What is the difference between Cercial and Sercial?

A

Cercial - used for whites in Dao, Douro, Barraida

Sercial - highly acidic grape prized for dry Madeira

*genetically distinct grapes

53
Q

What is the Portuguese synonym for “fortified”?

A

Licoroso

54
Q

Name of the Duoro Wine Company today?

A

the Royal Oporto Wine Company

55
Q

What 2 companies (alongside Port) became the face of Portuguese wines worldwide following WWII?

A

Mateau
Lancers
- for sweet, semi-sparkling wines

56
Q

What is Aragonez?

A

Tempranillo

57
Q

What blends do we find at the Bussaco Palace Hotel?

A
  • Baga from Barraida
  • Touriga Nacional from Dao
  • Encruzado from Dao blended with Bical and Maria Gomes from Barraida for whites
  • Aged for years in barrel in palace cellars, sold exclusively on the hotel’s wine list
58
Q

Name the 3 tiers of wine quality in Portugal:

A

DOP - Denominacao de Origem Protegida
IGP - Indicacao Geografica Protegida
Vinho - Table Wine

59
Q

Name the 14 IGP of Portugal:

A

Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras de DAo
Terras de Cister
Terras da Beira
Beira Atlantico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Peninsula de Setubal
Algarve
Terras Madeirense
Acores

60
Q

What does the term “garrefeira” mean on a wine label?

A

“Private Wine Cellar”
- indicating a min period of aging prior to release

61
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tinto Garrafeira wines?

A

min 30 months including at least 12 months in bottle

62
Q

What are the aging requirements for Branco and Rosado wines in Portugal?

A

Min of 12 months with a least 6 months in bottle

63
Q

What’s the second most-planted red grape in Portugal?

A

Aragonez

64
Q

Synonym for Aragonez?

A

Tinta Roriz

65
Q

Synonym for Trincadeira:

A

Tinta Amarela

66
Q

Synonym for Bastardo:

A

Graciosa
Trousseau

67
Q

Synonym for Malvasia Fina:

A

Boal

68
Q

Synonym for Malvasia Candida:

A

Malvasia di Lipari

69
Q

Synonym for Moscatel Gravdo:

A

Moscatel de Setubal

70
Q

Synonym for Sercial?

A

Esgana-Cao

71
Q

What does “garrafeira” mean on a PORT wine label? Who pioneered it?

A

Following a few years in barrel, it’s aged for a min of 8 years in glass demi-johns
- Niepoort

72
Q

What is the min % grapes grown in a stated region for Portuguese wine?

A

85%

73
Q

What is the most-planted white grape in Portugal?

A

Fernao Pires

74
Q

Synonym for Fernao Pires?

A

Maria Gomes in Barraida

75
Q

What 1703 Treaty between England and Portugal led to a Pacific rise in exports of Portuguese wines to England?

A

Treaty of Methuen

Portugal (10 decks)

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