Dysarthria Differential Diagnosis

Question 1

Type: Flaccid

Locus:

Primary Deficit:

Answer 1

LMN

Weakness, hypotonia

Question 2

Type: Spastic

Locus:

Primary Deficit:

Answer 2

UMN

Spasticity; hypertonia

Question 3

Type: Unilateral UMN

Locus:

Primary Deficit:

Answer 3

Unilateral UUMN

weakness; incoord; spasticity

Question 4

Type: Ataxic

Locus:

Primary Deficit:

Answer 4

cerebellar control circuit

incoordination

Question 5

Type: Hyperkinetic

Locus:

Primary Deficit:

Answer 5

basal ganglia control

involuntary movements

Question 6

Type: hypokinetic

locus:

primary deficit:

Answer 6

basal ganglia control

rigidity/decreased ROM

Question 7

Mixed:

locus:

Primary deficit

Answer 7

more than one

more than one

Question 8

Flaccid dysarthria:
due to ?
the underlying causes of flaccid dysarthria are ? which affects the ?

Flaccid dysarthria is the only dysarthria where speech may ?

Answer 8

LMN damage / muscle weakness and decreased tone / speed, range and accuracy of speech

rapidly deteriorate during ongoing communication and recover with rest

Question 9

Flaccid:

phonatory incompetence:

resonatory incompetence:

phonatory-prosodic insufficiency:

Answer 9

breathiness, short phrases, audible inspiration

hypernasality, imprecise consonants, nasal emission, short phrases

harsh voice, monoloudness, monopitch

Question 10

Spastic Dysarthria:
due to:
the underlying cause of spastic dysarthria is a combination of? with resulting ?

spastic dysarthria is often described as ?

Answer 10

bilateral UMN damage

• weakness and spasticity
• slow movement and reduced range and force of movement

slow and effortful

Question 11

Spastic Dysarthria:
prosodic excess:

articulatory-resonatory imcompetence:

prosodic insufficiency:

phonatory stenosis:

Answer 11

excess and equal stress, slow rate

imprecise consonants, distorted vowels, hypernasality

monoloudness, reduced stress, short phrases

low pitch, harshness, strained-strangled voice, pitch breaks, short phrases, slow rate

Question 12

UUMN dysarthria:
results from
there is ? and sometimes also?

unilateral?

UUMN dysarthria generally produces ?

Answer 12

unilateral UMN damage
weakness and sometimes also spasticity and incoordination

facial weakness, unilateral tongue weakness, and hemiparesis/hemiplegia

mild and various speech characteristics

Question 13

UUMN

articulatory incompetence:

Answer 13

imprecise consonants, irregular articulatory breakdowns, vowel distortions

Question 14

ataxic dysarthria:
results from damage to the ?

the combination of ? results in ?

speech may sound? as if ?

Answer 14

cerebellum or to its input or output pathways

incoordination and reduced muscle tone/ slowness and inaccuracy in the force, range, timing and direction of speech movements

slurred, drunk

Question 15

Ataxic:
articulatory inaccuracy

prosodic excess

phonatory-prosodic insufficiency

Answer 15

imprecise consonants, irregular articulatory breakdowns

distorted vowels, excess and equal stress, prolonges phonemes, prolonged intervals, slow rate

harshness, monopitch, monoloudness

Question 16

Hyperkinetic dysarthria:
resultrs from a ?
direct ?
indirect?

damage results in ?

Answer 16

disorder of basal ganglia

pathways (corticobulbar and or corticospinal tracts) facilitative
pathways (inhibitory)

abnormal, rhythmic or irregular and unpredictable, rapid or slow involuntary movement

Question 17

Hyperkinesias can be described as either:
fast:

slow:

Answer 17

nonsustained involuntary movements, slowness of movement, and variable muscle hypertonus

Sustained involuntary movements, slowness of movement, and variable muscle hypertonus

Question 18

Hyperkinetic (highly dependent on ? )

phonatory excess:

prosodic incompetence:

articulatory incompetence

Answer 18

harsh voice quality

excess and equal stress, prolonged phonemes and phoneme intervals

imprecise consonants, irregular articulatory breakdowns

Question 19

Hypokinetic dysarthria:
results from?
direct pathways
indirect ?

the underlying causes are ?

Answer 19

corticobulbar and or corticospinal tracts (facilitative) 
indirect pathways (inhibitory) 

rigidity, reduced force and range of movement and slow individual but sometimes fast repetitive movements of speech

Question 20

Hypokinetic:

prosodic insufficiency:

Answer 20

monopitch 
monoloudness 
reduced stress 
short phrases 
variable rate 
short rushes of speech 
imprecise consonants