Dyslipidemia

Question 1

Are lipids soluble in plasma?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Lipoproteins’ responsibilities

Answer 2

Carrying lipids to various tissues for energy utilization, lipid deposition, steroid hormone production, and bile acid formation.

Question 3

Elevations in any lipoprotein species is

Answer 3

hyperlipidemia

Question 4

Increased levels of triglycerides

Answer 4

hyperlipemia

Question 5

hyperlipidemia is also known as

Answer 5

hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 6

What makes up the lipoprotein lipophilic core?

Answer 6

esterified cholesterol and triglycerides.

Question 7

What is the structure of lipoproteins?

Answer 7

Lipophilic core.
Outer layer.
Apolipoproteins (apoproteins)

Question 8

What makes up the lipoprotein outer layer?

Answer 8

phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol

Question 9

What do apolipoproteins do?

Answer 9

Determine lipoprotein function - classifies proteins

Question 10

5 classifications of lipoproteins

Answer 10

1. Chylomicrons
2. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
3. Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL)
4. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
5. High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 11

very large particles that carry dietary lipids

Answer 11

chylomicrons

Question 12

carries triglycerides adn to a lesser degree cholesterol

Answer 12

very low density lipoprotein

Question 13

carries cholesterol esters and triglycerides

Answer 13

intermediate density lipoprotein

Question 14

carries cholesterol esters

Answer 14

low density lipoprotein

high density lipoprotein

Question 15

Chylomicrons apoproteins

Answer 15

A-I
A-II
A-IV
B-48
C-I
C-II
C-II
EI

Question 16

VLDL apoproteins

Answer 16

B-100
C-I
C-II
C-III
E

Question 17

IDL apoproteins

Answer 17

B-100
C-III
E

Question 18

LDL apoproteins

Answer 18

B-100

C-III

Question 19

HDL apoproteins

Answer 19

A-I
A-II
C-I
C-II
C-III
D
E

Question 20

What are the functions of apoproteins?

Answer 20

B-100 and B48 convey lipids into the tissue and artery wall (VLDL, IDL, LDL, AND CHYLOMICRONS)

Plaque formation leading to atherosclerosis.

Question 21

functions of HDLs

Answer 21

“scavengers”
acquire and transport cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques and peripheral tissues to the liver (reverse cholesterol transport).

Elevated HDL reduces the risk of CHD.

Question 22

What is the leading cause of death in the US?

Answer 22

atherosclerosis

Question 23

What is considered high cholesterol?

Answer 23

> or equal to 240 mg/dL

Question 24

What percentage of patients with elevated cholesterol are receiving pharmacotherapy?

Answer 24

<50%

Question 25

What percent of US adults have high cholesterol?

Answer 25

16.3%

Question 26

What percent of US adults have TC>200 mg/dL?

Answer 26

50%

Question 27

How often should a healthy adults over the age of 20 receive lipid panels?

Answer 27

Every 5 years.

Question 28

When should a lipid panel be obtained?

Answer 28

After a 9-12 hour fast.

Question 29

What does a lipid panel measure?

Answer 29

Total Cholesterol Triglycerides HDL

Question 30

What cholesterol must be calculated from the lipid panel?

Answer 30

VLDL | LDL

Question 31

Formula for VLDL

Answer 31

VLDL=Triglycerides/5

Question 32

Formula for LDL

Answer 32

LDL = TC - (HDL+VLDL)

Question 33

Primary "familial" hyperlipidemia causes

Answer 33

``` Lipid metabolism defect Fredrickson Classification (Type I-V) ```

Question 34

Secondary "acquired" hyperlipidemia causes

Answer 34

``` Diabetes Hypothyroidism Renal failure Obstructive liver disease Drug induced ```

Question 35

Drugs that induce hyperlipidemia

Answer 35

``` Anabolic steroids Retinoids Birth control pills and estrogens Corticosteroids Thiazide diuretics Protease inhibitors Beta-blockers ```

Question 36

ATP III Classification of LDL

Answer 36

or equal to 190 = very high

Question 37

ATP III Classification of TC

Answer 37

or equal to 240 = very high

Question 38

ATP III Classification of HDL

Answer 38

or equal to 60 = high

Question 39

Identifying CHD risk

Answer 39

``` Does the patient have: clinical CHD? symptomatic CAD? PAD? abdominal aortic aneurysm? diabetes? ```

Question 40

Major risk factors that modify LDL goals

Answer 40

cigarette smoking HTN (BP > or equal to 140/90 mmHg or an antiHTN medication) Low HDL (45 men; >55 women)

Question 41

When do you calculate the Framingham score?

Answer 41

CHD or CHD risk equivalent or 2+ risk factors without CHD risk

Question 42

What is needed to calculate Framingham risk score?

Answer 42

``` Age TC Smoking status HDL SBP ```

Question 43

Framingham Risk Score calssifications

Answer 43

10- year risk | Low Risk 20%

Question 44

What do the risk categories indicate?

Answer 44

LDL goal of therapy Need for therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) Level for drug consideration

Question 45

How is Non-HDL cholesterol calculated?

Answer 45

Non-HDL cholesterol = TC-HDL