Dyslipidemia

Question 1

Hyperlipemia

Answer 1

Excess tag

Question 2

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 2

Hyperlipoproteinemia

Question 3

Cholesterol

Answer 3

Hydrophilic

Question 4

Cholesteryl ester

Answer 4

Hydrophilic

Question 5

Chylomicrons carrying dietary TAGs to the liver

Answer 5

Can’t be decreased or increased with any intervention

Question 6

Hyper TAG

Answer 6

DM
Myxedema
Alcohol
Estrogen
Uremia
Corticos
GSD
Hypopituutarism and acromegaly

Question 7

Hyperchol.

Answer 7

Hypothyroidism
Early nephrosis
Resolving lipemia
Anorexia nervosa
Cholestasis
Hypopituitarism
Corticos

Question 8

Hypolipidemic drugs

Answer 8

Statins
Niacin
Fabric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)
Bike acid - binding resins
Inhibitors of Intestinal Sterol Absorption

Question 9

Statins - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
(3 - hydroxy, 3-methyl glutaryl CoA recuctase)

Answer 9

Lovostatin
Simvastatin
Pravastatin
Atrovastatin
Fluvaastatin
Ruaovastatin
Pitavastatin

Question 10

Statins

Answer 10

Decreases chol.
And LDL receptors
Decreasing LDL in plasma
Increasing HDL
Decreases TAG

Question 11

Pleutropic effect of statins

Answer 11

Improved endothelial function
Reduced inflammation reduced platelet aggregation
Neivascularisation jnductuon in ischaemic tissues
Antithrombotic
Enhanced fibrinolysis and immune suppression

Question 12

Statins taken orally excreted jn bile, urine and feces

Answer 12

Taken at bed time because long half life (1-3hrs except:
Atrova (14hrs), rosuva (12hrs) and pitava statin (19hrs)

Question 13

Statins used in

Answer 13

All types of hyperlipidemia
-alone or with others like resins, niacin or ezetimibe
Use immediately after ACE

Question 15

Adverse effects

Answer 15

High ALT and AST (×3)

Question 16

Myopathy and rhabdomolysis

Answer 16

Break down of muscles
In blood stream
Pain
Dark cola red

Question 17

Potentiate oral anticoagulants and antidiabetic ad they displace them from plasma proteins

Answer 17

Statins

Question 18

Not used in pregnancy and lactation

Answer 18

No chol. for hormones and milk

Question 19

Niacin - nicotinic acid

Answer 19

Decreases bothe VLDL and LDL and increases HDL so they can be combined with statins for synergism

Question 20

Mechanism of Niacin (absorbed orally)

Answer 20

Adipose tissue
Liver
Plasma

Question 21

In adipose

Answer 21

Niacin binds to it’s receptors decreasing mobilisation of FA so no TAG and no VLDL

Question 22

In the liver (no synthesis and esteeification of fat)

Answer 22

Inhibits DAG acetyl transferase so no TAG synthesis and no VLDL

Question 23

In plasma

Answer 23

Increases LipoProtein Lipase activity that clears VLDL and chylomicron

Question 24

Niacin used for

Answer 24

Mixed hyperlipidemia
Taken with oher drugs

Question 25

Niacin causes puritis and flushing

Answer 25

Because Prostaglandin that can be treated with aspirin

Question 26

Nausea, pain and gastric distress

Answer 26

Because niacin induces histamine release

Question 27

Nicotinic acid also dependent on OASS

Answer 27

So causes hyperurecemia

Question 28

Also elevates Hepatic enzymes (×2) without liver toxicity as well

Answer 28

Niacin

Question 29

Take Niacin and potentiate

Answer 29

Anti hypertensive (this can be accompanied by atherosclerosis so it treats that)

Question 30

Fibric acid (fibrates) - Decrease VLDL and some LDL

Answer 30

Gemfibrozil and fenofibrate

Question 31

Fibrates, agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha

Answer 31

Decreases TAG Increases LPL which hydrolyzes TAG and Decreases VLDL

Question 32

Directly increases lipolysis decreasing TAG and VLDL

Answer 32

Fibrates (also increases HDL by *inhibiting* it's catabolism

Question 33

Take fibrates with

Answer 33

Food

Question 34

Also used in mixed hyperlipidemia

Answer 34

Fibrates

Question 35

Most common adverse dibrates effecf

Answer 35

GIT upset

Question 36

Arrhythmias in

Answer 36

Fibrates

Question 37

You have gall stones in excess chol. with fjbrates

Answer 37

As doesn't get directed towards TAG synthesis

Question 38

Also causes myopathies and myositis

Answer 38

When fibrates taken with statins

Question 39

Potentiate oral anticoagulants and antidiabetics

Answer 39

Firates

Question 40

Firates can cause

Answer 40

Hepatotoxicity

Question 41

No fibrates in

Answer 41

Pregnancy and lactation Gall bladder release Hepatic and renal dysfunction

Question 42

Bike acid binding resins

Answer 42

Colestipol Cholestyramine Colesevelam

Question 43

Resins used in

Answer 43

Isolated increase in LDL

Question 44

No absorption of resins orally

Answer 44

So goes to be excreted and affects natural enetrogepatic circulation of bile

Question 45

Uregulates LDLreceptoprs and scavangas

Answer 45

Resins

Question 46

Resins for

Answer 46

Treattment of peeps with hyperchol.

Question 47

Adverse resins

Answer 47

Constipation Decreases absorption fat soluble vitamins

Question 48

Interactions with resins

Answer 48

Digoxin Thiazide Wayfaring Aspirin Phenylbutazone Pamrava and flucastatin Tetracycline Thyroxine Iron salts Folic acid Ascorbic acid

Question 49

Take drugs 1 - 2 hrs before

Answer 49

Resin (unless niacin)

Question 50

Coleselvam

Answer 50

No digoxin Wayfaring Reductase inhibitors

Question 51

Ezetimibe

Answer 51

Inhibitors of intestinal steroid absorption

Question 52

Inhibits chol. Absorption, both dietary adln

Answer 52

Ezetimibe

Question 54

Less than 10yrs no statins

Answer 54

Unless Pravastatin

Question 55

No lipophilic statin with CYP inhibitors

Answer 55

Increases myopathy and rhabdomyolysis