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Symlathomimetics Flashcards

1
Q

Direct stimulators

A

Adrenaline (alpha + beta) - tachycardia
Noradrenaline (alpha + weak beta 1) - IV infusion -reflex bradycardia
Phenylephrine
Isoprenaline
Dopamine (dopaminergic + beta 1 + alpha) -

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2
Q

Indirect

A

Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Tyramine

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3
Q

Dual

A

Ephedrine
Mephantramine

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4
Q

CNS stimulants
*pass bbb

A

Ephedrine(dual) (alpha + beta(kind of weak so no reversal)) - diffuses in eye
Amphetamine (alpha + beta)
Methamphetamine

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5
Q

Anorexigenics

A

Phen - metrazine
Fen - fluramine
Mazhindol
Amphetamine 🙂

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6
Q

Nasal decongestants-zoline (alpha)
*drops, spray, orally

A

New
Naphazoline
Tetrahydrazoline
Xylometazoline
-Pheynlpropranolamine
Old
Phenylephrine
*pseudoephedrine

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7
Q

Vaso Ds and uterine relaxants
(Tocolytic beta 2 agonists

A

Nylidrine
Isoxasuprine
Ritodrine

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8
Q

Vasopressors “m”s

A

Phenylephrine - passes bbb but no cns action and selective alpha 1 agonist
Methoxamine
Mephentramine
Metaraminol
Midodrine

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9
Q

Selective agonist of B3 is

A

Octopamine

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10
Q

Treatment of anxiety and insomnia from ephedrine stimulation of cortex and reticular formation

A

Phenobarbitone

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11
Q

Prodrug (than adrenaline)

A

Dipivefrine as a decongestants for nose and eye

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12
Q

Is there effect of noradrenaline on skeletal muscle

A

Noi
Just eye, GIT and urinary, glands, systemic metabolism and CNS

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13
Q

NA plus atropine plus alpha blockers plus ganglion blocker

A

Tachycardia

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14
Q

Synthetics

A

Isoprenaline (beta only) IV and sublingual plus inhalation but also not oral(as is a catcho)
Smooth muscles 1-BUUGI
Dobutamin (selective beta weak alpha) IV like Dopamine with ECG monitoring and stopping gradually plus BP and urine output

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15
Q

D1 blocker is

A

Haloperidol

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16
Q

B1 blockers is

A

Propranolol

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17
Q

A1 blocker is

A

Phentolamine

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18
Q

Fenoldopam under dopamine

A

D1 agonist
Decreases PR in arterioles plus IV in emergency
Half life 5 minutes
*Dopamine half life is 2 minutes q

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19
Q

Ephedrine effect on MOA

A

Not destroyed and may inhibit the enzyme
So not contraindicated with MAO inhibitors

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20
Q

Ephedrine is similar to adrenaline in pharmacodynamic but

A

Weaker, delayed onset and longer duration
Mixed action plus bbb
Tachyphylaxis
You can take it as eye drops cause it dissolves

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21
Q

Antiallergic drugs

A

Adrenaline
Ephedrine

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22
Q

Taken orally with neostigmine for a long duration in myasthenia gravis

A

Ephedrine

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23
Q

Tyramine the I directly acting sympathomimetic is

A

Present in cheese and yoghurt
Metabolised by Mao (something hypertensive crisis with inhibitors treated with alpha blockers)
Depleted by reserpine

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24
Q

Tolerance Tachyphylaxis and addiction

A

Amphetamine (marked cns stimulation)
Ephedrine doesn’t cause addiction

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25
As a CNS stimulant, be taken
SC, IM and orally(effective) But amphetaminle is not given in the.late afternoon
26
Amphetamine derivative for narcolepsy
Modafinil
27
Methylphenydate
ADHD amphetamine derivative
28
Dysmenorrhoea Contraction ring Premature labour Threatened abortion
Uterine relaxants(tocolytics)
29
Adr effect on Sex organs
Relaxes pregnant uterus and causes erection
30
What are the two main categories of B2-agonists used in asthma treatment?
* Short Acting Selective B-Agonists (SABA) * Long Acting Selective B-Agonists (LABA) ## Footnote SABAs are typically used for quick relief, while LABAs are used for long-term control.
31
What is Vilanterol classified as?
Long Acting Selective B-Agonist (LABA) ## Footnote Vilanterol is used in combination with other medications for asthma treatment.
32
Fill in the blank: _______ is used in combination with corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma.
Vilanterol ## Footnote This combination helps to enhance the efficacy of treatment.
33
List three examples of Long Acting Selective B-Agonists (LABA).
* Formoterol * Salmeterol * Indicaterol ## Footnote LABAs help maintain open airways for an extended period.
34
What medication is also known as Metaproterenol?
Alupent ## Footnote Metaproterenol is a SABA used for asthma relief.
35
What is the role of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?
Used in combination with B2-agonists ## Footnote Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation in the airways.
36
Name two other SABA medications.
* Terbutaline * Fenoterol ## Footnote These medications are used for quick relief of asthma symptoms.
37
Bambuterol Olandaterol Feneterol
LABA
38
Catechol- Adr
Alkaloid from suprarenal 80% CNS gives from tyrosine IV fatal because VF SC and oral is slow because VC Intracardiac in resuscitation Locally on the eye VC without diffusion (Lowe's) Inhalation in bronchial asthma
39
Used as an antiallergic in cases of angioneurotic edema urticaria and anaphylactic shock
Adrenaline
40
Adr not useful in angina
Increases cardiac work (B1) But decongestant because of alpha mm VC
41
Narrow pulse range in
Nor adrenaline more than adrenaline as both Systolic and diastolic are increased (PR)
42
Glands in sympathetic stimulation
Thick visid secretion
43
Therapeutic uses of Noradrenaline
Acute hypotensive state: SSS Sympathectomy Spinal anasthesia Shock
44
Side effects of exaggerated alpha and beta stimulation of nor adrenaline
Because GB MAOI and sympathectomy ITI : Irritability Tremors Insomnia
45
Also stop infusion gradually
Nor adrenaline
46
Therapeutic uses of isoprenaline
Heart block but not that much Bronchial asthma but not that much
47
IV infusion *taking and stopping gradually
Nor adrenaline Dobutamine Dopamine(2 - 3, 5 - 8, 10 - 12)
48
Therapeutic uses of Dopamine and Dobutamine
Shock and HF
49
Prenalterol
Like dobutamine but not a catecho
50
Non catechos
Absorbed everywhere BBB Slow onset Long duration Not destroyed by MAO
51
Diffusion in the eye occurs with
Ephedrine
52
CNS stimulant
Ephedrine- stimulates Respiratory and cmvasomotor center and stimulates reticular formation plus cerebral cortex *phenobarbitone treatment Isoprenaline- mildly causing Tremors
53
Ephedrine toxicity
CNS Urine retention in males with enlarged prostate Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis because dual Same contraindications as adrenaline but with old prostatic patients as well
54
Amphetamine
Small dose 5 - Alertness, euphoria, delayed metal fatigue which causes addiction but then fatigue and depression Moderate 5 to 10 - Anxiety and Tremors High >15 schizophrenia hyperpyrexia plus convulsion
55
PAAAS (amphetamine)
Psychic Analgesic Anorexigenic Analeptic Spinal
56
Decreases acquity of smell and taste
Amphetamine *Not given jn the late afternoon around 3PM
57
Therapeutic uses of amphetamine
Narcolepsy - Modafinil Some appetite suppressing effect but not for long term weight control ADHD - low methylphenidate Contraindications same as adrenaline plus patients with CNS symptoms (insomnia, anxiety, schizophrenia and anorexia)
58
Severe hypertension with MAOI like Tyramine
Amphetamine
59
Alpha stimulants
Noradrenaline IV Ephedrine IM Phenylephrine Midodrine orally
60
Phenylephrine
Synthetic sympathomimetic non catechol with their oral absorption and passing bbb(no effect) Systemic metabolism like NA which is like Adrenaline minus effect on potassium and maybe factor something activation
61
Weaker than NA but longer duration
Phenylephrine *Prolonged action of anaestheyics
62
Nasal decongestants
Sinusitis, rhinitis, common cold
63
ND Side effects
Rebound congestion after stoppage Contraindicated in angina and hypertension Oil Inhaled- lipoid pneumonia Cilia atrophy and loss of smell in long use Drowsiness
64
VD sympathomimetics and uterine relaxants
VD - PVD treatment e.g isoxuprine UR: Dysmenorrhoea Contraction ring Abortion to delay Threatened abortion
65
Salma Fought Bambi Fein In Ola's Vila
Salmeterol Formoterol Bambuterol Feneterol Indicaterol Olandeterol Vilanterol

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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