Dysphagia Flashcards by Melissa Bremner

Q

Main functional cause of dysphagia?

A

achalasia

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Q

What is achalasia?

A

sphincter cannot relax

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Q

Diagnosis of achalasia?

A

upper gi endoscopy

barium swallow

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Q

What is the bird beak sign?

A

dilated oesophagus = bird body

sphincter = bird beak

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Q

What can be a complication of achalasia?

A

aspiration pneumonia

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Q

Signs of achalasia?

A

bad breath

weight loss

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Q

Treatment of achalasia?

A

dilatation through endoscopy

may need surgery to cut sphincter

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Q

top 2/3 of oesophagus, what is cancer type?

A

squamous

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Q

bottom 1/3 of oesophagus, what is cancer type?

A

columnar/adenocarcinoma

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Q

Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

adenocarcinoma in top 2/3 (change from squamous to columnar)

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Q

SCC treatment?

A

radiotherapy

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Q

Adenocarcinoma treatment?

A

surgery and chemo

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Q

Prognosis for oesophageal cancer?

A

poor

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Q

3 types of hiatus hernia?

A

sliding
strangulation
combined

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