E-Stim Tissue Healing & Contraction

Question 1

What occurs in the inflammation phase

Answer 1

Hemostasis
Autolysis
Phagocytosis
Fibroblastic migration

Question 2

What occurs in the proliferation phase

Answer 2

Collegen synthesis
angiogenesis
epitheliazation
wound contraction

Question 3

What occurs in the maturation phase

Answer 3

Collagen lysis

Collagen replacement

Question 4

Factors that affect wound healing

Answer 4

Systemic med- aspirin, corticosteroids, indomethacin
Topical meds
Malnutrition
presure/stretch
infection
immunodeficiency
smoking
necrotic/dry tissue

Question 5

Common Places for a Pressure sore

Answer 5

sacrum, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, heel, malleoli

Question 6

Stages of Pressure sores

Answer 6

Stage 1- nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
Stage 2- partial thickness skin loss to epidermis/dermis/both
Stage 3- full skin thickness loss affects subcutaneous
Stage 4- full skin thickness loss affecting mm./bone

Question 7

Common places/Etiology of Arterial Insuf ulcers

Answer 7

lateral foot, on foot, toe joints, mallelio

arteriosclerosis, arterial occlusion/disruption

Question 8

Common places/Etiology of Venous Insuf ulcers

Answer 8

above the ankle, medial lower leg

venous hypertension, venous valvular dysfunction

Question 9

Common places/Etiology of Diabetic Ulcers

Answer 9

plantar foot, lateral foot, met heads, heel

neuropathy, arterial insuf

Question 10

Electrochemical effects pos vs neg electrode

Answer 10

Negative electrode=alkaline

Positive electrode=acid

Question 11

Electrophysical effects

Answer 11

electrokinetic-movement of ions

ie depolariziong of membrane

Question 12

Electrothermal effects

Answer 12

microvibration to charge particles creating heat

H=0.24I2xRxT

I2=RMS
R=skin impedance
T=time

Question 13

Effects that would benefit from wound healing

Answer 13

glavanotaxis
collagen synthesis
prolif of fibroblast
angiogenesis
bacteriacidal
epitheliazation
increase blood to wound

Question 14

Galvanotaxis Inf phase consists of

Answer 14

macrophages- neg
neutrophils inactivated- neg
phagocytosis
autolysis

Question 15

Galvanotaxis Prolif phase consists of

Answer 15

fibroblast- pos

collegen formation

Question 16

Galvanotaxis Maturation phase consists of

Answer 16

myofibroblast-pos
keratinocytes-pos
epidermal cells-neg
wound contraciton
epitheliazation

Question 17

Human battery pos vs neg

Answer 17

outside=neg
inside=positive

switches with injury

Question 18

Protocol 1

Answer 18

cathode to site for 1-5 days

Question 19

Protocol 2

Answer 19

cathode- ecoli

anode-aueras

Question 20

Protocol 3

Answer 20

anode-attract macrophages/neutrophils for autolysis/phagocytosis

cathode- attracts fibroblast/myofibroblast for wound contraction/epitheliazation, granulation

Question 21

Protocol 4

Answer 21

cathode- liquefy/soften tissue, soluble

anode- stimulate epetheliazation

Question 22

Cathode- neg effects and its Galvanotaxis cells

Answer 22

increase blood flow
increased growth of granulation
epidermal cell migration
anti microbial

Galvanotaxis:fibroblast, neutrophisl, platelets, lymphocytes, mast cells, keratinocytes

Question 23

Anode- pos effects and its Galvanotaxis cells

Answer 23

decrease blood flow
vasoconstriction
decrease mast cells during tissue healing
growth/re-organization of epithelial cells
anti microbial

Galvanotaxis: macrophages, neurtrophils inactivated, epidermal cells

Question 24

Neg pole theory

Answer 24

repel negatively charged serum proteins
decrease microvessel diameter
decrease pore size

Question 25

Voluntary contraction vs. E-stim contraction

Answer 25

voluntary small slow MU recruited first asynchronous MU recruited E-stim large fast MU recruited first fast fatigue muscle, requires more rest time synchronous MU recruitment

Question 26

Factors affecting Force-Frequency

Answer 26

mm length mm temperature fatigue state degree of potentiation

Question 27

E-stim required for twitch, contration, tetanus

Answer 27

follows arndt schultz law, must be strong/long/rise enough low freq=1-2 stim per second for twitch med freq=15 pps for contraction >30 for tetanus

Question 28

Strength MVIC Training

Answer 28

to strength train healthy mm via e-stim, must stim at 50% of MVIC to strengthen injuried mm via e-stim, must stim at 10% of MVIC

Question 29

Overload Theory

Answer 29

larger load placed on a muscle, the muscle will produce a greater contraction =strength will increase more than if smaller load on muscle

Question 30

Specificity Theory

Answer 30

should produce greater strength gains than exercise alone at same contraction force

Question 31

E-stim can also do this to Innervated muscles

Answer 31

high frequency e stim increases blood flow back to heart in healthy/pt reduces stress incontinence

Question 32

E-stim on denervated muscles

Answer 32

DC current stims the mm membrane NOT the nerve/neuron >10ms of pulse duration=contraction use with caution, may retard motor nerve regeneration

Question 33

Contraindications of Russian Currents

Answer 33

anterior c-spine trans cranial region trans thoracic region abdominal/lumbar of pregnant women hemorrhaging area neoplasm decreased sensation in area electrical/metal implants