E Test 5

Question 1

What is volatility?

Answer 1

.Unpredicted result of a treatment plan.

a behavior that might lead to more harm when treated.

Question 2

What is a risk-benefit analysis?

Answer 2

.weighing risks and benefits of txt and no txt

Question 3

What is the risk associated with more severe or intense problem behaviors?

Answer 3

.greater risk of failure of the plan/injury

Question 4

What is the risk regarding mediators?

Answer 4

.not running the protocols properly

1. We count on mediators in the client’s natural environment to play a significant role in treatment, having an insufficient number of staff to implement the plan could affect the success of the treatment.
2. If mediators are not trained to a high degree of compliance with the program, they may make errors or reinforce inappropriate behavior, making treatment plan unsuccessful, and potentially cause the client harm.

Question 5

What must mediators be?

Answer 5

.Mediators must be trained to a high degree of compliance with the program.

i.e. well trained

Question 6

How does the setting increase risk?

Answer 6

.could be dangers in the setting such as drugs or too many people

We work in settings where behavioral procedures are likely to be effective (4.06, 4.07), because unsatisfactory settings put the procedures at risk for failure. In addition, the setting must not put the behavior analyst at risk.

Question 7

How does competence relate to risk?

Answer 7

if BA is not competent or BI is untrained things can go wrong

BCBAs should operate within the boundaries of their competence (1.02), because to operate outside of the boundaries of one’s competence can present a risk to both the proper implementation of procedures and the safety of clients.

Question 8

You are consulting to a group home. The participant is aggressive and often throws items, i.e., Shoes, books, plates, glasses, magazines, etc. You have decided to use a DRO procedure where if the person does not aggress for 5 minutes, they will earn their chosen reinforcer. What risks should be discussed?

Answer 8

failure
escalation
risk of doing nothing

In the group home, there is a possible safety risk to nearby clients and staff when procedures are implemented. The DRO might produce unexpected results, such as an escalation of behavior to get attention. The risks of behavior procedures should never be downplayed to gain approval of the process. They should be discussed frankly with all parties so that everyone is aware of possible risks. Mitigation planning should result from the awareness of the risk, and extra staff members may need to be present during the first few days of treatment just to make sure everyone is safe.

Question 9

What is meant by “buy-in”?

Answer 9

Buy-in means not only that others agree with your program proposal but also that they will do everything possible to ensure that it is implemented according to the plan

Question 10

What is meant by personal liability?

Answer 10

The parents might hold the BA responsible. Possibly mitigate this by doing the demonstration with the teacher or EA the day before so there is no direct physical contact with the client. This could reduce liability.

Question 11

What are the 5 benefits of behavioral treatment?

Answer 11

behavior improved
environment improved
caregivers feel empowered
peers change
liability reduced (less risk of major problems)

1. Client direct benefit (e.g., client behavior is greatly improved shown in change of rates in behavior and the time frame for success, comes into contact with many new reinforcers and choices)
2. Indirect benefits to the setting (e.g., client environment is greatly improved because of change in behavior - less stress for caregiver, peers)
3. Benefits to mediators and caregivers (e.g., caregivers feel more in charge, improved morale, eagerness to move forward with the client)
4. Benefits to peers in the setting (e.g., peers in the setting may change their behavior toward the client, providing more opportunities for social reinforcers)
5. General liability to the setting is decreased (e.g., liability to the setting and those involved are greatly reduced)

Question 12

What are 3 additional benefits for the BCBA and profession?

Answer 12

relief/confidence
reduced liability to BA
Possible contribution to body of knowledge

1. The BCBA or BCaBA who is able to make significant improvements in target behaviors as well as to improve the quality of life for the client and others will not only have a sense of relief that everything worked according to plan but also increased confidence in his or her ability to take on similar cases in the future. Being able to show positive effects builds confidence, improves morale, and encourages future participation in the profession.
2. Reduction of liability to the designer of the behavior plan. Getting through a case successfully means the dark cloud of uncertainty has disappeared.
3. Possible contribution to the body of knowledge of ABA and good public relations for the field. While we cannot solicit testimonials from clients, clients often tell others that they were satisfied or even overjoyed with the behavior analysis services that improved their lives

Question 13

What is the general rule in providing the ethics message?

Answer 13

When it comes to delivering a message about ethics, you will need to be as much a communicator as you are a behavior analyst.

Question 14

What are the parts of being an effective communicator of the ethical message?

Answer 14

Thinking on your feet! It is the responsibility of every BA to know and understand the content that is covered in the Code. Buy some time if you are unsure how to respond immediately e..g., “let me get back to you on that,” so you can review the Code, or talk to your supervisor. Fundamentals of good communication: don’t send mixed messages and don’t lie. Think before you speak.

Question 15

What is the biggest problem in delivering the message to non-behavioral professionals?

Answer 15

.The problem is that other professionals do not have to adhere to our Code.

Question 16

What are the 2 components in helping others understand the Code?

Answer 16

1. The first part of being effective is identifying something that is not quite right
2. The second part is knowing what to say and how to say it

Question 17

What is the first component of a Declaration of Professional services.

Answer 17

Credentials/ areas of expertise

Question 18

How often should you declaration of expertise be updated?

Answer 18

Every year

Question 19

Why do you list “What I do and How I work”?

Answer 19

What I do: To explain the basis for behavior analysis services, expressing your understanding of human behavior. As BAs, we work with clients to develop plans, and that family members play a key role in the therapy.

How I work: Spell out for the clients that we do not make judgments about behavior and that it is part of our belief system that psychological pain and suffering come from behaviors that do not adapt well to the current environment. We consult with parents, teachers, and other individuals significant in the life of our client (with permission). We work toward achieving important life goals for the client, “increasing personal happiness and effectiveness.” Also, results aren’t guaranteed.

Question 20

Why list client responsibilities?

Answer 20

We need and expect their full cooperation and their total honesty in dealing with us.

Question 21

What do you do about faked or missing data?

Answer 21

The importance of accurate data should be brought up not only prior to the onset of services but occasionally during the entire treatment process.

Buy-in to the BA approach means you will be asking parents to take data, and success of the treatment depends on those who are taking data to be absolutely honest about it.

Question 22

What should be do about gifts from clients?

Answer 22

don’t accept

Question 23

What should be done after reviewing the declaration of professional servi es?

Answer 23

Client and behavior analyst should sign the declaration. A witness should also be present to ensure the signatures are authentic. Date the document, provide a copy to the family, and keep one for your files.

Question 24

What guidelines are suggested for choosing a setting or company?

Answer 24

Primary considerations might involve salary, location, potential for advancement, matching your professional interests, and behavioral skills. Also, consideration of the ethics and values of the company or organization. Ask questions about the position, ask about the history, and purpose or mission of the agency. Are there political issues connected with the agency, or is the agency currently the target of a lawsuit? Number of BAs employed? Turnover rate? Who are the clients, who will you be supervising?

Question 25

Why meet your supervisor?

Answer 25

strong ethical foundation. Learn their style, interest in working with you, feel certain you won't be asked to do anything unethical

Question 26

Why are job expectations important to discuss up front?

Answer 26

Clarify what you are to do on a day-to-day basis. Ask questions so you know how the agency does certain tasks such as doing functional assessments or training staff. Ensure that you will be working within your level of competence or whether you will be asked to take on cases or tasks for which you are not fully qualified. Establish the ethical boundaries necessary to protect yourself from engaging in unethical behavior.

Question 27

As the new person, many therapists come to you for advice, what is a potential downfall?

Answer 27

Taking on too much affects your quality of work. Doing more is not always associated with doing better, quality counts especially because you are affecting the life of a person with your work. You owe it to your clients and yourself to take on only the number of cases you can handle. Taking on cases for which you have no expertise = unethical to work outside of your boundaries of competence.

Question 28

Why is IOA so important?

Answer 28

.There is a lot riding on the data;

Question 29

What is social validity?

Answer 29

social importance and acceptability of treatment goals, procedures, and outcomes..

Question 30

How do you determine if your treatment was in fact responsible for change?

Answer 30

Look for ways of demonstrating experimental control either with a reversal, multi-element, or multiple baseline design.

Question 31

How do you demonstrate that other therapists can implement your program procedures correctly?

Answer 31

Make sure you use the most effective antecedents and demonstrate. Ask the supervisees to show you what they've learned. Then give immediate positive feedback. Have them practice, make corrections by doing role play and giving more feedback, and do overlaps to ensure programs are run correctly.

Question 32

Why is it important to document your time and billing?

Answer 32

Accurate and honest time accountability is essential to protect you from any allegation that you have been over billing or that you have attempted to defraud a client or the government.

Question 33

What is the gold standard to avoid conflicts of interest?

Answer 33

."What is in the best interest of the client?" to help guide your decision.

Question 34

Why do you need to identify a trusted colleague?

Answer 34

To help build your confidence in making behavioral decisions, find another behavioral analyst who is knowledgable, easily accessible and not your supervisor or employer.

Question 35

What guidelines should be in place if you are working with a client and must “touch” the client, e.g. hand over hand prompting; high fives, pats on the back, overcorrection, etc.

Answer 35

(1) . To avoid false client allegation of inappropriate touching, always make sure to have another person (often called a witness) present. (2) . Make sure the witness knows what you are doing and why you are doing it. (3) . If you are involved in any sort of physical restraint use, make sure that you have been properly trained and certified to do so. (4) . If you know of a client who has a history of false reports of inappropriate touching, be wary of close contact with that person unless you have done 1 and 2. (5) . Avoid cross-sex therapeutic interactions (male therapist and female client) unless there is no alternative.

Question 36

If you are working with non-behavioral colleagues and reach an impasse in services provided, what must you do?

Answer 36

Inform about studies Refer to the code talk in private connect with supervisor for help Be ready with copies of published studies to justify your treatments and be scrupulous about taking objective and accurate data to determine if the interventions in fact worked with the client. Make them aware of how you adhere to a code of ethics that is clear on client's rights, use of empirically based procedures, and the evaluation of treatments using data. Consult with your supervisor if you need to, meet with the person alone to discuss your concerns. If you and your supervisor feel you have done everything possible to have some impact but have been unsuccessful, it may be necessary to terminate your involvement. Code 2.15 on interrupting or discontinuing services. Be ambassadors if they don't know about ABA, educate them about current developments and how we are concerned about the ethical, effective, and humane treatment of clients. Be patient, let them educate you about their field, and listen.

Question 37

What is the verbal rule regarding sexual harassment?

Answer 37

As a check on your performance, ask yourself, "What if Channel Six Eyewitness News was here taping this? Would I still engage in this behavior?" If "No," then you need to modify your own behavior to prevent any misunderstandings or false accusations.

Question 38

What are stealth dilemmas?

Answer 38

slowly move and pass professional boundaries

Question 39

What is the central question in any multiple relationship situation?

Answer 39

Whose needs are being met here

Question 40

What are 3 factors to consider in multiple relationships?

Answer 40

Power. How much of a power differential is there between the psychologist and the other person? Duration. Will it be brief contact or will it be continuous or episodic contact over a long time? Before entering into a dual relationship, psychologists should consider whether, for example, a client could return for additional services. Termination. Has the therapeutic relationship been permanently terminated, and does the client understand that as well?

Question 41

What is the rule regarding sexual relationships with clients?

Answer 41

never ok

Question 42

You are working with a child with autism who attends a youth program at your local religious program (you attend). The church staff know you provide services to the family and comes up to you and states the child is very disruptive during the youth program and asks “What do you and the parents do when Eric refuses to sit on the chair and flops on the floor and makes all those noises?”. What do you say?

Answer 42

.Be clear that you can't release any information without parent consent.

Question 43

When may you disclose client information?

Answer 43

Obey mandatory reporting laws. or consent is given payment purposes

Question 44

How do you prevent confidentiality problems?

Answer 44

- Discuss the limits of confidentiality, - Ensure safe storage of documents - Know federal and state law

Question 45

What is meant by respecting people’s autonomy?

Answer 45

Psychologists need to provide clients with information they need to give their informed consent right at the start. If individuals are not competent to make decisions for themselves, then the person who's giving permission must have access to that same information.

Question 46

Who is responsible for the acts of interns?

Answer 46

Supervisor

Question 47

What is the major responsibility of a supervising psychologist?

Answer 47

continually assess their supervisees' competence and make sure they are managing them appropriately.

Question 48

Why is it important to identify your role?

Answer 48

Knowing who your client is, what your role is and being transparent about what it is that you do and mindful about the professional boundaries that arise are good guideposts to effective practices.

Question 49

What is the rule regarding documentation?

Answer 49

Never alter a record after the fact. It's illegal, and it gets you into trouble, and more times than not you get caught

Question 50

Does being certified as a BCBA make you competent to practice?

Answer 50

stay in touch with the profession through conferences, continuing education, seeking diplomate status, consulting with colleagues, and reading journals, guidelines and other publications. Exceptions for psychologists in extraordinary circumstances: Psychologists with closely related experience can provide services if there's no one else who can--as long as they make a reasonable effort to obtain the competence required.

Question 51

What is meant by abandonment?

Answer 51

Abandonment occurs when a psychologist inappropriately ends treatment, such as halting needed therapy with no notice.

Question 52

do you avoid “dumping” the client?

Answer 52

Abandonment is not the same as treatment termination. Psychologists should provide pre-termination counseling and suggest alternative service providers.

Question 53

What central theme has emerged from inquiries?

Answer 53

Identifying and distinguishing the ethical, legal and clinical aspects of the question posed.

Question 54

2 common kinds of calls?

Answer 54

Involve mandatory child-abuse reporting and Tarasoff-the duty to protect

Question 55

What is meant by determining whether the legal threshold has been reached?

Answer 55

the answer to which will likely depend on the relevant jurisdiction's law. Rules to determine if you need to report something

Question 56

What is the difference between a duty to disclose information and permission to disclose information?

Answer 56

clinical assessment to determine the likelihood that a genuine threat of harm is present. Based upon this clinical assessment, the psychologist will determine whether the jurisdiction's law requires or permits the psychologist to disclose information.

Question 57

What is meant by “the ethical follows upon the legal which, in turn, follows upon the clinical”?

Answer 57

Close relationship between law, ethics, and our clinical work. Ethics consultation allow us to determine how do these perspectives fit together. Legal and ethical dilemmas arise in the course of our work. Our background, training, and experience are always central in formulating our ethical response.

Question 58

Who determines competence?

Answer 58

Applicants or licensees shall recognize the boundaries of their competence, and limitations of their techniques.

Question 59

Who is responsible for verifying a claim of competence?

Answer 59

The provider shall limit practice to the services that they can provide competently.

Question 60

When expanding you areas of competence what must you do?

Answer 60

additional education, training, supervision, etc.

Question 61

you are working with a child with autism who exhibits high levels of anxiety, what must you do?

Answer 61

If this is beyond your scope of competence, assist client in obtaining professional help.

Question 62

When may you disclose information without informed consent of the client?

Answer 62

When emergency or crisis services are provided, the provider shall not be required to obtain informed consent

Question 63

You are working with a child with autism and a new staff member wants to see the programs that have been developed, what is the correct response?

Answer 63

You cannot share personal information with anyone without the client's(parents?) permission.

Question 64

When presenting information on a particular treatment protocol at a conference what must you do?

Answer 64

Remove all identifiers. All client information used in teaching, presentations, professional meetings, or publications shall be disguised to prevent identification of the client unless the provider has obtained a signed release of information.

Question 65

You are collecting baseline data and notice your IOA is not adequate, you meet with the team and decide to videotape a couple of sessions for training purposes, what must occur?

Answer 65

.Diagnostic interviews or therapeutic sessions with a client may be observed or electronically recorded only with written informed consent, except as otherwise provided by law or court order. Consent for that type of media, purposes of obtaining and how long before it is destroyed.

Question 66

Can you release private information?

Answer 66

When a client initiates a request for the release of private information, the provider shall comply with Minnesota Statutes. However, if the provider initiates the release of private information to a third party, a written authorization for release of information

Question 67

client wants to see your notes and data, what do you say?

Answer 67

Each client has a right to access only that part of the records that includes information provided directly by the client or authorized by the client to be part of the record, unless otherwise directed by law or court

Question 68

. When working with a child you notice bruising on the child’s arm. You talk with the parents and they say the child fell down. What must you do?

Answer 68

Document where bruising occurred, date etc. and the conversation with parents?

Question 69

You are collecting baseline data and notice your IOA is not adequate, you meet with the team and decide to videotape a couple of sessions for training purposes, what must occur?

Answer 69

They won't understand these terms, you must explain it in a way that they will understand what these services are.

Question 70

Can you release private information?

Answer 70

The provider shall display prominently on the premises of the professional practice or make available as a handout the bill of rights of clients which must include a statement that consumers of psychological services have the right: A. to expect that the provider has met the minimum qualifications of education, training, and experience required by state law for licensure; B. to examine public records maintained by the Board of Psychology that contain the credentials of the provider; C. to report complaints to the Board of Psychology; D. to be informed of the cost of professional services before receiving the services; E. to privacy as defined and limited by rule and law; F. to be free from being the object of unlawful discrimination while receiving psychological services;

Question 71

A parent asks you to develop a gluten free diet for their child, what must you do?

Answer 71

I say no, this is out of my scope of practice.

Question 72

A parent insists in hiring a “therapy dog” for their child and you have severe reservations regarding this treatment, what must you do?

Answer 72

Provide them research behind the use of therapy dogs and educate the parent before they make their decision?

Question 73

What are 2 conditions for terminating a professional relationship?

Answer 73

1. The provider's objectivity or effectiveness is impaired, unless a resolution can be achieved as permitted in part 2. The client is unlikely to benefit from continued professional services by the provider

Question 74

How do you inform a client when terminating services?

Answer 74

Promptly inform the client in a manner that minimizes harm.

Question 75

If you see a psychologist who appears to be in violation of a rule of conduct (with the exception of sexual contact, failure to report abuse) what must you do?

Answer 75

they attempt to resolve the issue by bringing it to the attention of that individual, if an informal resolution appears appropriate and the intervention does not violate any confidentiality rights that may be involved.

Question 76

If you learn that a psychologist has had a sexual relationship with a client what must you do?

Answer 76

Mandatory-reporting: The provider shall file a complaint with the board when the provider has reason to believe that another provider is engaging in or has engaged in sexual behavior with a client or former client,

Question 77

If a psychologist comes to you for help (counseling) and states they have had an ongoing sexual relationship with a minor, what must you do?

Answer 77

Mandatory-reporting: The provider shall file a complaint with the board when the provider has reason to believe that another provider is engaging in or has engaged in sexual behavior with a client or former client,

Question 78

How is unprofessional conduct defined?

Answer 78

Conduct which fails to conform to the accepted standards for the psychology profession and which could jeopardize the health safety and welfare of the client

Question 79

Why do you keep records?

Answer 79

Appropriate records can also help protect both the client and the psychologist in the event of legal or ethical proceedings -billing

Question 80

What is the difference between guidelines and standards?

Answer 80

Guidelines refers to statements that suggest or recommend | -Standards are mandatory and may be accompanied by an enforcement mechanism.

Question 81

What was the finding of COPPS on state laws and regulations regarding record keeping?

Answer 81

.COPPS: Committee on Professional Practice and Standards examine the possible usefulness of guidelines on record keeping for psychologists. COPPS surveyed state laws and regulations related to record keeping by psychologists and found them to be vague and to vary substantially across jurisdictions.

Question 82

Who is responsible for the maintenance and retention of client records?

Answer 82

Psychologists have a professional and ethical responsibility for the development, maintenance, and retention of their records.

Question 83

What are the guidelines in updating client records?

Answer 83

- active records to reflect professional services delivered to the client - a logical file labeling system facilitates the search and recovery of records.

Question 84

You have set up a behavioral program and ask the parents how things went last week. The parents state “things are great, Eric had a good week”. Is this sufficient?

Answer 84

Information written in vague or broad terms may not be sufficient if more documentation is needed.

Question 85

When a client requests that limited records of treatment be maintained, what should you do?

Answer 85

Although there may be advantages to keeping minimal records, there are legitimate arguments for keeping a highly detailed record. Those may include such factors as improved opportunities for the treatment provider to identify trends or patterns in the therapeutic interaction, enhanced capacity to reconstruct the details of treatment for litigation purposes, and more effective opportunities to use supervision and consultation. The psychologist then considers whether treatment can be provided under this condition.

Question 86

In cases of an emergency or natural disaster (hurricane, school shooting, death of a student) psychologists may provide services, what is the guideline regarding client records?

Answer 86

There may be limited opportunity to keep as detailed records as would be kept in a less urgent situation, particularly in the short-term or immediate crisis. The records that are created may be less substantial

Question 87

When should you discuss record keeping procedures?

Answer 87

appropriate to the circumstances at the beginning of the professional relationship.

Question 88

Why is re-release of data an ethical concern?

Answer 88

they may be further distributed without the psychologist's or the client's consent.

Question 89

What are the guidelines related to maintenance of client records?

Answer 89

Psychologists are encouraged to keep paper records in a secure manner in safe locations where they may be protected from damage and destruction

Question 90

What are the guidelines related to access of records?

Answer 90

Consistent with legal and regulatory requirements and ethical standards, psychologists employ procedures to limit access of records to appropriately trained professionals and others with legitimate need to see the records.

Question 91

What is the general rule regarding retention of records?

Answer 91

The psychologist strives to be aware of applicable laws and regulations and to retain records for the period required by legal, regulatory, institutional, and ethical requirements.

Question 92

Why is it important to consider the context in which services were delivered?

Answer 92

When that context changes over time, the relevance and meaning of the information may also change. Preserving the context of the record protects the client from the misuse or misinterpretation of those data in a way that could prejudice or harm the client..

Question 93

Why is record keeping in organizational settings a challenge?

Answer 93

Often, multiple service providers access and contribute to the record. This potentially affects the degree to which the psychologist may exercise control of the record and its confidentiality.

Question 94

is record keeping of multiple clients a dilemma?

Answer 94

ecords may include information about more than one individual client

Question 95

What is a disposition plan and why is it important?

Answer 95

In anticipation of unexpected events, such as disability, death, or involuntary withdrawal from practice, the psychologist may wish to develop a disposition plan in which provisions are made for the control and management of the records

Question 96

How do you dispose of client records?

Answer 96

eeks methods, such as shredding, that prevent recovery. Disposal of electronic records poses unique challenges he psychologist may seek consultation from technical consultants regarding adequate methods for destruction of electronic records

Question 97

When can you leave a client?

Answer 97

Aren't benefiting from therapy. May be harmed by the treatment. No longer need therapy. Threaten the therapist, themselves or others.