(E1) 2 - Introduction to the Neck

Question 1

List the 3 cervical “fascias” in order from outermost to innermost.

Answer 1

Skin
Superficial Fascia
Deep Fascia

Question 2

What is found in the superficial fascia?

Answer 2

1. cutaneous nerves and vessels
2. fat - variable
3. muscles of facial expression

Question 3

What is the deep fascia?

Answer 3

• CT fibrous tissue that envelopes muscle, vessels, and organs
• attachment points for skull and mandible

Question 4

What is investing fascia?

Answer 4

The superficial layer of deep fascia

Question 5

What are the three categories for muscles of the neck?

Answer 5

• Superficial
• Suprahyoid = above hyoid bone
• Infrahyoid = below hyoid bone

Question 6

What are the superficial muscles of the neck?

Answer 6

• Platysma
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Trapezius

Question 7

What is Platysma innervated by?

Answer 7

Cranial Nerve VII

Question 8

What is the Platysma muscle responsible for?

Answer 8

Muscle of facial expression - only moves skin

(from mandible to skin of chest)

Question 9

What are the attachments for SCM? (2 Heads)

Answer 9

O: manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: lateral aspect of mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Question 10

What is the innervation for SCM?

Answer 10

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Question 11

What is the actions of SCM?

Answer 11

• Bilateral = flex neck
• Unilateral - face turns to opposite side, chin up

Question 12

What two muscles divide the neck into spaces?

Answer 12

SCM and Trapezius

Question 13

Where does the Trapezius muscle have attachments?

Answer 13

To vertebral column, scapula and skull, clavicle and manubrium

Question 14

What is the innervation to Trapezius?

Answer 14

Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Question 15

What is the function of the human hyoid bone?

Answer 15

• Maintains open airway

(Anchored by muscular attachments)

Question 16

What connects the hyoid bone to the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 16

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 17

What two vessels pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

Answer 17

• Superior Laryngeal Artery
• Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 18

What are the 4 muscles that makeup the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?

Answer 18

• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Digastric

Question 19

What is the action of all suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 19

All elevate the hyoid

Question 20

What innervates Mylohyoid m.?

Answer 20

Nerve to Mylohyoid
(V3 from CN V)

Question 21

Where does the mylohyoid muscle attach?

Answer 21

Mandible and hyoid bone

Question 22

Where can you find the mylohyoid muscle?

Answer 22

Floor of the oral cavity

• has a midline raphe joining the two sides

Question 23

What innervates the Geniohyoid m.?

Answer 23

Ventral Rami C1

Question 24

Where does the geniohyoid muscle attach?

Answer 24

Mandible and hyoid

Question 25

Where can you find the geniohyoid muscle?

Answer 25

Floor of the oral cavity

Question 26

What innervates the stylohyoid m.?

Answer 26

Cranial Nerve VII

Question 27

Where does the stylohyoid muscle attach?

Answer 27

Styloid process and hyoid

Question 28

Describe the location of the Stylohyoid muscle

Answer 28

Wraps around tendon of posterior digastric muscle

Question 29

Describe the anterior and posterior innervations for the Digastric muscle.

Answer 29

Anterior - Innervated by CN V3 Posterior - Innervated by CN VII

Question 30

What two muscles make up the muscular floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 30

Mylohyoid - V3 Geniohyoid - C1 ventral rami

Question 31

What muscles make up the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?

Answer 31

- Sternohyoid - Omohyoid - Sternothyroid - Thyrohyoid

Question 32

What is the action of all infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 32

Depresses hyoid

Question 33

What is the ansa cervicalis?

Answer 33

"loops of the neck" - C1, C2, and C3

Question 34

What nerves supplies the sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid muscles?

Answer 34

Ansa cervicalis

Question 35

What nerve supplies the thyrohyoid muscles?

Answer 35

C1 - nerve to Thyrohyoid

Question 36

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 36

Post border of SCM Ant border of trapezius Middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 37

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 37

Ant border of SCM Inf border of mandible Ant midline

Question 38

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 38

submandibular submental carotid muscular

Question 39

Muscles Diagram - Triangles

Answer 39

Question 40

What two muscles are used to mark the outlines of the triangles of the neck?

Answer 40

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid