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Endocrine Lisjak > E1 > Flashcards

E1 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Exocrine

A

Have ducts, produce non hormonal substances

Sweat and saliva

Route substances to membrane surfaces

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2
Q

Parvocellular

A

“Small cell”
In paraventricular nucleus.
Synthesize and secrete releasing hormones (RH’s) and inhibiting hormones (IH’s) into the hypophyseal portal system.
These hormones are carried to anterior pituitary.
Facilitate or inhibit the synthesis and release of hormones from trophic cells

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4
Q

Trophic cells of AP: (5)

A 
Somatotropes (acidophils)-GH
Corticosteroids-  ACTH
Thyrotropes- TSH
Gonadotropes- LH, FSH
Lactotropes- PRL
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5
Q

Steroid based hormones

A

Sex steroids and corticosteroids

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6
Q

Pinealocytes

A

Primary cell type of pineal gland. Considered a neuroendocrine cell- receives neuronal input and converts signal to hormone which is released in the blood. Produce and secrete melatonin from serotonin

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7
Q

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland aka

A

Adenohypophysis

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8
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid gland

A

Superior and inferior thyroid a’s

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12
Q

3 regions of the hypothalamus

A

Anterior
Tuberal
Posterior

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13
Q

Disorder of thyroid (3)

A

Myxedema
Cretinism
Grave’s disease

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14
Q

Infundibulum

A

Stalk from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

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16
Q

Grave’s disease

A

Hyperthyroidism; increased metabolic rate, exophthalmos (bulging eyes)

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18
Q

Amino acid based hormones

A

Monoamines and peptides

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20
Q

Trophic cells of the AP: (def)

A

Synthesize and secrete AP hormone in response to Releasing (RH’s) or Inhibiting hormones (IH’s) produced by parvocellular (“small cell”) neurosecretory neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

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21
Q

Magnocellular

A

“Large cell”
In paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus.

Synthesize neurohypophyseal hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin

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22
Q

Melatonin disorder

A

SAD - season affective disorder - mood disorder characterized by depression, most commonly in winter.

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23
Q

Pineal gland (6)

A 
Epithalamus structure
"Pine cone" shaped
Organ of nervous system and endocrine system
Pinealocytes
Secretes melatonin
Regulates circadian rhythms
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26
Q

Peptides

A

Made from peptides, chains of 3-200 amino acids, i.e. Pituitary hormones: GH, ACH, FSH, Oxytocin, ADH. Thyroid: calcitonin

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27
Q

Antagonism

A

One hormone opposes the action of another

i.e. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone: insulin and glucagon

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28
Q

Calcitonin (5)

A 
Polypeptide hormone
Produced by parafollicular cells (C-cells of thyroid gland 
Lowers blood Cas2+
Targets skeleton
Stimulates Ca2+ uptake into bone matrix
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30
Q

Thyroid hormone (T3,T4) is __ soluble.

A

Lipid

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35
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Posterior 1/4 of pituitary

Hypophyseal portal system - links hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

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37
Q

Growth hormone disorders (3)

A

Pituitary dwarfism
Gigantism
Acromegaly

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38
Q

Cretinism

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A

Infant hypothyroidism; retardation, decreased stature

39
Q

Endocrine

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A 
Ductless
Produce hormones
Released into extra cellular fluid
Extensive vascular and lymph drainage
Receive hormones
40
Addition of PO43- (phosphorylation) to proteins: (3)
Open or close ion channels Activate or inhibit enzyme functioning Activate or inhibit gene transcription for protein synthesis
41
Blood supply to hypothalamus by:
Anterior cerebral a.'s
42
Melatonin (6)
"Time keeping hormone" or "sleep hormone". - regulates sleep-wake cycle Produced by pineal gland Monoamines synthesized fro serotonin Synthesis regulated by sympathetic nervous system Secretion stimulated by decreasing levels of light Affects mood
43
Acromegaly
Adults; increased GH
44
Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland aka
Neurohypophysis
45
Myxedema
Adult hypothyroidism; decreased metabolic rate
47
Anterior pituitary
Anterior 3/4 of pituitary Pars tueralis (tubular part) - encircles stalk Pars distal is (distal part) - distal to stalk Hypophyseal portal system - links hypothalamus to AP
49
Blood supply to the pineal gland
Posterior cerebral artery, profuse blood supply, not isolated by blood-brain barrier
50
Endocrine system
``` Secondary control/regulatory system of body Communication; chemical only Primary messenger molecules=hormones Response start/stop; slow Effects; widespread ```
51
Thyroid hormone (5)
``` 2 iodine containing amine hormones T3 and T4 T3 is 10X more active than T4 Activates glucose oxidation enzymes Increases basal metabolic rate and heat ```
53
Monoamines
Made from amino acids (fragments), retain an amino group (NH2), i.e. Nervous system hormones: dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, melatonin. Thyroid: thyroid hormone
55
Amino acid based hormones are __ soluble except __.
Water, TH (thyroid hormone)
57
Innervation to the pineal gland
Sympathetic - superior cervical ganglion | Parasympathetic - pterygoplatine and optic ganglion
58
Hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal system
Primary capillaries-hypothalamus Portal venues-travels down stalk Secondary capillaries-anterior pituitary
60
Thyroid gland (6)
Largest pure endocrine gland Butterfly-shaped On trachea just inferior to cricoid of larynx Internally composed of follicles Follicle cells produce thyroglobulin, a glycoproteins precursor to TH Parafollicular cells produce calcitonin
61
Permissiveness
One hormone enhances targe organ's response to a second hormone secreted late I.e. Thyroid hormone and epinephrine; cortisol and GH
63
Sella Tursica
(Turkish saddle) | Depression in sphenoid, houses pituitary
66
Synergism
Two or more hormones act together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate effects I.e. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
67
Pituitary dwarfism
Children; decreased GH
68
Blood supply to the pituitary gland:
Superior and inferior hypophyseal br.'s of ICA
71
Gigantism
Children; increased GH
73
Sex steroids
Made from cholesterol 1. Estrogens - i.e. Estradiol 2. Progestogens- i.e. Progesterone 3. Androgen - i.e. Testosterone
74
Addition of Ca2+ to proteins: (2)
Alter cytoskeleton structure | Activate or inhibit enzyme functioning
75
Hormone
Chemical substances/messenger, secreted by cells into extracellular fluid, enter bloodstream, transported throughout body, regular metabolic function of other cells
79
__ nuclei of hypothalamus. (3)
Anterior Suprachiasmatic Supra optic Paraventricular
82
Fxns of hypothalamus (TAN HATS)
``` T hirst and water balance A denohypophysis N eurohypophysis H unger and satiety A utonomic regulation T emperature regulation S exual urges and emotions ```
85
Steroid based hormones are __ soluble.
Fat
89
G-protein coupled receptor template | 7
1. Primary messenger molecule 2. Receptor protein 3. G protein (in plasma membrane) 4. Enzyme (activated or inhibited) 5. Secondary messenger molecule 6. Protein kinase (activated or inhibited) 7. PO43- or Ca2+ added to protein
90
Anterior nuclei of hypothalamus regulate both __ and __ __ hormone release.
Anterior, posterior pituitary
94
Nervous system
Primary control/regulatory system of body Communication; electrical and chemical Primary messenger molecular = neurotransmitters Response stop/start; quick Effects' targeted and specific
99
Neuroendocrine cells
Endocrine cells that secrete hormones in response to neuron stimulation
100
Corticosteroids
1. Glucocorticoids - cortisol 2. Mineralcorticoids - aldosterone 3. Gonadocorticoids (sex steroids)
105
Neurosecretory cells
Neurons that synthesize and secrete hormones

Endocrine Lisjak (2 decks)

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