E1 Chapter 8: Enzymes and Proteins

Question 1

Protein that aids the selective acceleration of chemical reactions

Answer 1

Enzymatic proteins

Question 2

Proteins that provide protection against diseases

Answer 2

Defensive proteins

Question 3

Proteins that help to store amino acids

Answer 3

Storage Proteins

Question 4

Proteins that aid in the transportation of a substance

Answer 4

Transport protein

Question 5

A polymer of amino acids is called

Answer 5

A polypeptide

Question 6

A biologically functional molecule made up of one or more polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a 3-D structure

Answer 6

Protein

Question 7

An organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group

Answer 7

Amino acid

Question 8

What is the carbon called at the center of an amino acid

Answer 8

An alpha carbon

Question 9

The covalent bond between the carboxyl group on one amino acid and the amino group on another, forming a dehydration reaction

Answer 9

Peptide Bond

Question 10

A linear chain of amino acids (the protein sequence of amino acids)

Answer 10

Primary protein structure

Question 11

Regions stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the polypeptide backbone

Answer 11

Secondary Structures

Question 12

A delicate coil held together by hydrogen bonding between every 4th amino acid

Answer 12

Alpha helix

Question 13

Two or more segments of a polypeptide chain laying side-by-side

Answer 13

Beta Pleated Sheet

Question 14

3-D shape stabilized by interaction of side chains

Answer 14

Tertiary Structures

Question 15

Amino acids with hydrophobic side chains usually end up in clusters at the core

Answer 15

Hydrophobic interactions

Question 16

Form where two cystine monomers, which have -SH groups on side, are brought close by folding

Answer 16

Disulfide bridges

Question 17

The association of two or more peptides (the overall protein structure that results from the aggregation of polypeptide subunits)

Answer 17

Quaternary Structure

Question 18

A process in which protein loses its shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds, becoming biologically inactive

Answer 18

Denaturation

Question 19

A macromolecule that acts as a catalyst

Answer 19

Enzyme

Question 20

A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Answer 20

Catalyst

Question 21

Enzymes lower the _______________

Answer 21

Activation energy barrier

Question 22

The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

Answer 22

Activation energy

Question 23

The reaction on which an enzyme works

Answer 23

Substrate

Question 24

A pocket or groove on the surface of an enzyme where catalyzation occurs

Answer 24

Active site

Question 25

Are active sites specific or willing to bind many enzymes?

Answer 25

Very specific

Question 26

The change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so it binds more snug to the substrate

Answer 26

Induced fit

Question 27

Does the rate of an enzyme increase with increased or decreased temperature?

Answer 27

Increased

Question 28

If we keep increasing the temperature, what will happen to an enzyme?

Answer 28

It will denaturize and become inactive

Question 29

Why does a higher temp increase reaction rate of an enzyme (to a point)?

Answer 29

Caused by increased speed of substrates colliding with active sites

Question 30

What is the optimal pH value for enzymes?

Answer 30

6-8

Question 31

Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme

Answer 31

Cofactor

Question 32

An organic molecule serving as a cofactor is called

Answer 32

coenzyme

Question 33

Reduce the productivity of enzymes by BLOCKING substrates from entering active sites

Answer 33

Competitive inhibitors

Question 34

Reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a location remote from the active site

Answer 34

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 35

The binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of a protein at a different site

Answer 35

Allosteric regulation of enzymes

Question 36

A method of metabolic control in which the end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway

Answer 36

Feedback inhibition

Question 37

Products have less energy than reactant (-G)

Answer 37

Exergonic/spontaneous reactions

Question 38

Products have higher energy than reactant (+G)

Answer 38

Endergonic/nonspontaneous reactions

Question 39

Binding of a substrate molecule can stimulate the binding of activity at other active sites

Answer 39

cooperativity

Question 40

Chemical reactions that involve a free energy change

Answer 40

Gibbs Free Energy

Question 41

-G means ___________, while +G means ______________

Answer 41

Spontaneous, nonspontaneous

Question 42

Changing pH disrupts what type of bonds (2)

Answer 42

Hydrogen and Ionic