E1 Q2 Bank Flashcards by Apricot Morgan

Which of the following statements indicates more teaching is needed regarding secondary lymph organs? ________ is/are a secondary lymphoid organ.
a. The spleen
b. Peyer patches
c. Adenoids
d. The liver

D. The liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After teaching the staff about the clotting system, which statement indicates teaching was successful? The end product of the clotting system is
a. plasmin
b. fibrin
c. collagen
d. factor x

B. Fibrin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physical barriers that offer the body protection from damage and infection are located in the: (select all that apply)
A. Gastrointestinal
B. Genitourinary,
C. Respiratory

A. Gastrointestinal
B. Genitourinary,
C. Respiratory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 10-year-old female is on her way to a spelling bee and begins sweating. Which of the following describes her response?
Anticipatory response
Reactive response
Exhaustion stage
Homeostasis

A. Anticipatory response

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A runner has depleted all of the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Oxidative phosphorylation
Aerobic Glycolysis
Anaerobic glycolysis
Electron-transport chain

C. Anaerobic glycolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
GTP
AMP
ATP
GMP

A. GTP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Inability to convert bile to bilirubin
Increased melanin
Increased hemoproteins

A. Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 -dihydroxyphenylalanine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?
protein/fat
amylase/albumin
sodium/potassium
Carbonic acid/bicarbonate

D. Carbonic acid/bicarbonate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After a geneticist talks to a patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what this means. How should the nurse respond? You may ______ genetic disease(s)
Have two
Have a mild form of the
Only be a carrier of the
Be sterile as result of the

B. Have a mild for of the

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 24 year old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbalances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:
Pathologic hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Pathologic dysplasia
Hyperplasia

A. Pathologic hyperplasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients into energy?
Metabolic absorption
Respiration
Communication
secretion

B. Respiration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 60-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting lung tumor. Further testing indicates that the tumor secretes ADH. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Increased reflexes
Confusion
Nausea
Weakness
Muscle twitching

B. Confusion
C. Nausea
D. Weakness
E. Muscle twitching

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 54-year-old male intravenous (IV) drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment. Which of the following could be used to treat his condition?
Interleukins-1
INFs
Interleukins-10
Interleukins-6

B. INFs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 3 year old is making play cakes in a sandbox and is eating the play cakes. The sand was also being used by cats as a litter box and was contaminated with toxoplasmosis. Which of the following would most likely also be present?
Blood clots
Degranulation
Granuloma formation
Exudate production

C. Granuloma formation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 25-year-old female has sexual relations with her boyfriend. Later she is told that the boyfriend is infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Testing reveals that she does not have the disease. How is it possible that she did not contract the disease?
Antibodies covered sites of attachment
She was vaccinated against it
Platelets provided protection
IgEwas released

A. Antibodies covered sites of attachment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Direct effects of antibodies include: select all that apply
Division
Neutralization
Aggulation
Precipitation
Phagocytosis

B. Neutralization
C. Aggulation
D. Precipitation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE. which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?
Rash on trunk and extremities
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Gastrointestinal ulcers
Photosensitivity

D. Photosensitivity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?
Infection does not require a host cell receptor
HIV only infects B cells
After infection, cell death is immediate
HIV is a retrovirus

D. HIV is a retrovirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What common symptoms should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?
Recurrent infections
Anemia
Hypersensitivity
Autoantibody production

A. Recurrent infections

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by:
Gram-negative fungi
Gram-positive fungi
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria

D. Gram-negative bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:
Norepinephrine and cortisol
Epinephrine and aldosterone
Cortisol and aldosterone
Epinephrine and norepinephrine

D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor?
Acetylcholine
Cortisol
Antidiuretic hormone
norepinephrine

D. Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection. Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?
Interleukin-1
Interleukin-6
Interferons (IFNs)
Interleukin-10

A. Interleukin-1

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 25-year old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury. The pain associated with the injury is related to:
Vasoconstriction
Immune complex formation
Histamine
Prostaglandins

D. Prostaglandins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The predominant antibody of a typical primary immune response is: IgE IgA IgM IgG

C. IgM

A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: Serum sickness Contact dermatitis Rheumatoid arthritis Bronchial asthma

A. Serum sickness

Which information indicates a good understanding of bacterial vaccines? Most bacterial vaccines contain: Fully active bacteria Dead bacteria Bacterial toxins Synthetic bacteria

B. Dead bacteria

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining? Infectivity allows pathogens to: Induce an immune response Damage tissue Invade & multiply in the host Spread from one individual to others and cause disease

C. Invade and multiply in the host

Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and ______ is not successful. Arousal Adaptation Alarm Flight or fight response

B. Adaptation

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response? Fibrinous Hemorrhagic Serous Purulent

A. Fibrinous

The nurse is reviewing the lab data of a newly admitted patient. The nurse notes the patient had an erythrocyte sedimentation done, and the results are quite elevated. The nurse would focus the care plan on which of the following conditions? Infection Anemia Inflammation Electrolyte imbalance

C. Inflammation

An immunology nurse is caring for a patient. While planning care, which principle will the nurse remember? The primary role of IgA1 is to prevent infections in the: Kidneys Mucous membranes Blood Lungs

C. Blood

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: Immune insufficiency Decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity Hypergammaglobulinemia Increased maternal IgG

A. Immune insufficiency

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body. a. O b. A and B c. B only d. A only

B. A and B

Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response. a. II b. III c. IV d. I

C. IV

What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency? DOUBLE Recurrent infections Hypersensitivity Autoantibody production Anemia

A. Recurrent infections

An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production. Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by: DOUBLE Gram-positive bacteria Gram-positive fungi gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria

D. Gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial contractility? Prolactin Epinephrine Oxytocin Somatotropin

B. Epinephrine

When assessing the effects of elevated β-endorphins in a patient, which of the following should the nurse monitor? Peripheral vasoconstriction Hyperglycemia Decreased immune cell activity Pain inhibition

D. Pain inhibition

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the: neutrophil. eosinophil. Macrophage lymphocytes.

A. Neutrophil

During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as: Antibodies Opsonins Phagolysosomes acute phase reactants.

D. Acute phase reactants

A 6-year-old female is diagnosed with a bacterial infection of the respiratory system. Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen? Helper T cells Antibodies Self-antigens Cytotoxic T cells

B. Antibodies

A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: DOUBLE decreased maternal antibody breakdown, resulting in hyposensitivity. hypergammaglobulinemia. immune insufficiency increased maternal IgG

C. Immune insufficiency

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of: Homoimmunity Autoimmunity Alleimmunity alloimmunity.

B. Autoimmunity

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present? Anti-CMV antibodies Anti Herpes antibodies Autoantibodies Anti-LE antibodies

C. Autoantibodies

Which information indicates a correct understanding of viral vaccines? Most viral vaccines contain: viral toxins. active viruses attenuated viruses killed viruses.

C. Attenuated viruses

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Fungi Gram-positive bacteria Virus Gram-negative bacteria

D. Gram-negative bacteria

A female student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her heart begins beating harder and faster as she becomes aroused and scared. Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing? Exhaustion Adaptation Alarm stage Stage of resistance

C. Alarm stage

When assessing the effects of elevated β-endorphins in a patient, which of the following should the nurse monitor? Peripheral vasoconstriction Decreased immune cell activity Pain inhibition Hyperglycemia

C. Pain inhibition

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are produced by the: Kidneys Integument Lungs Bowel

C. Lungs

The macrophage secretion that stimulates procollagen synthesis and secretion is: Matrix metalloproteinase. vascular endothelial growth factor. Angiogenesis factor Transforming growth factor beta

D. Transforming growth factor beta

A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart? Hepatitis Smallpox Tetanus Malaria

C. Tetanus

Stress-induced catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla may result in: Increased blood pressure Decreased glycogen production Decreased muscle contraction Decreased blood flow to brain

A. Increased blood pressure

A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation. Which of the following types of immunity was compromised? Inflammatory response Specific immunity Adaptive immunity Innate immunity

D. Innate immunity

When a patient asks about secondary lymph organs, how should the nurse respond? Secondary lymph organs include: (Select all that apply.) Adenoids The spleen Peyer patches Bone marrow The appendix The liver

A. Adenoids B. The spleen C. Peyer patches E. The appendix

A macrophage was isolated and analyzed for a major histocompatibility complex. Which of the following would be expected? Neither MHC I nor MHC II MHC II only MHC I only MHC I and II

D. MHC I and II

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other? 25% 50% 100% 75%

A. 25%

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough. Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection, and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness? Hemolysis Exotoxin Endotoxin Septicemia

B. Exotoxin

After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections: Are easily treated with penicillin. Are commonly opportunistic. Never occur with other infections. Are extremely rate

B. Are commonly opportunistic

When a patient is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal cortex, which physiologic response would be expected? Increased incidence of gastric ulcers Increased lipogenesis of extremities Decreased blood pressure Decreased gastric secretion

A. Increased incidence of gastric ulcers

Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine? Site of production Vascular effect Time of release Chemotactic ability

C. Time of release

When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse respond? To prevent infection of the injured tissue To lyse the cell membranes of microorganisms To provide specific responses toward antigens To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.

A. To prevent infection of the injured tissue

Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who Receives performed antibodies or T cells from a donor Receives immunoglobulin Has T cells that become B cells Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization

D. Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization

When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is: Urticaria Anaphylaxis Hives Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).

B. Anaphylaxis

After teaching about coping, which information indicates a correct understanding? Coping is best defined as the process of: Adjusting to disease Managing stressful challenges Mediating anger Preventing psychological distress

B. Managing stressful challenges

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief. A nurse recalls aspirin relieves headache by: Increasing platelet-activating factor Decreasing prostaglandin production Decreasing leukotriene production Increasing histamine release

B. Decreasing prostaglandin production

Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include: Hormones Gastric acid Neurotransmitters Earwax

D. Earwax

The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n): Negative response to an immunization Renal failure Genetic defect Adverse response to a medication

C. Genetic defect

A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely? T-lymphocyte deficiency Combined immunologic deficiency B-lymphocyte deficiency Complement deficiency

A. T-lymphocyte deficiency

When Phagocytes begin to stick avidly to capillary walls, which process is occurring? Emigration Exudation Integration Margination

D. Margination

The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply) Heat Fever Redness Swelling Pain

A. Heat C. Redness D. Swelling E. Pain

Which statement indicates a correct understanding of antibodies? The most abundant class of antibody in the serum is: IgG IgE IgM IgA

A. IgG

The post-surgical patient is experiencing delayed wound healing. The dietitian believes the delay is related to nutritional intake. A deficiency in which of the following substances could directly affect healing? Ascorbic acid Cholesterol Melanin Vitamin D

A. Ascorbic acid

A patient has done research on monoclonal antibodies on the Internet. Which statement indicates a correct understanding? Pure monoclonal antibodies are produced by: T lymphocytes Laboratories Bone marrow Fetuses

B. Laboratories

In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for Immunoglobulins Rh antigen Platelet compatibility HLA type

B. Rh antigen

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons’ cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing? Arthus Reaction Raynaud Phenomenon Serum Sickness Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

A. Arthus reaction

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence, what does virulence mean? Damage tissue Induces an immune response Causes disease Spreads from one individual to others and causes disease

C. Causes disease

An 8-year-old female presents with edema of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue layers. Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations. The child is diagnosed with hereditary angioedema. Which of the following is deficient in this child? Plasmin C1 esterase inhibitor Carboxypeptidase Neutrophils

B. C1 esterase inhibitor

Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection? B cells T cells Antigens Lymphocytes

C. Antigens

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: A reduced immune response found in most pathologic states A normal immune response to an infectious agent Antigenic desensitization An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing agent

D. An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing agent

When assessing the effects of elevated beta endorphins in a patient, which of the following should the nurse monitor? DOUBLE Pain inhibition Hyperglycemia Decreased cell activity Peripheral vasoconstriction

A. Pain inhibition

A patient has researched bradykinin on the Internet. Which information indicates the patient understands the functions of bradykinin? Bradykinin is involved in: increasing degradation of prostaglandins. stimulating the clotting system. increasing vascular permeability. vasoconstricting blood vessels

C. Increasing vascularity permeability

Which of the following is responsible for initiating clonal selection? T cells B cells Lymphocytes Antigens

D. Antigens

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses: are capable of independent reproduction. replicate their genetic material inside host cells. contain no DNA or RNA. are easily killed by antimicrobials.

B. Replicate their genetic material inside host cells

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated? T-cytotoxic cells Macrophages Lymphokine-producing cells Helper T cells

A. T-cytotoxic cells

The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics? Granulocyte production Activated by interferon Activation of a series of proenzymes Phagocytosis initiation

C. Activation of a series of proenzymes

A 10-year-old is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of lgM Toxoids lgA lgE

D. IgE

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, selling redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from Tissue specific hypersensitivity Autoimmunity Anaphylaxis Immunodeficiency

C. Anaphylaxis

A nurse is preparing to teach the subject of opsonins. Which information should the nurse include? Opsonins are molecules that: Are composed of fatty acids Enhance phagocytosis Regulate inflammation Degranulate mast cells

B. Enhance phagocytosis

A 23- year-old pregnant female visits her primary care provider for her final prenatal checkup. The primary care provider determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero. Which of the following would be increased in the fetus at birth? IgM IgG IgA IgD

A. IgM

A nurse recalls that stress-induced stimulation of the adrenal cortex causes it to secrete: Estrogen Cortisol Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Parathyroid hormone

B. Cortisol

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection? 24 year old who is immunocompromised 30 year old with pneumonia 18 year old with diabetes 70 year old with congestive heart failure

A. 24 year old who is immunocompromised

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type transfusion type matches would cause this? A-AB B-O A-A AB-O

A. A-AB

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a parasite. Which lab result should the nurse check for a response to the parasite? Eosinophils Macrophages Monocytes Neutrophils

A. Eosinphils

A 20-year-old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity? Agglutination Precipitation Culture and sensitivity Titer

D. Titer

A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine. When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is: Mutated, but highly infectious Inactive, but infectious Normal, but not infectious Alive, but less infectious

D. Alive, but less infections

A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting? Eosinophils Interleukin-6 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha Platelets

C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

While planning care for an elderly patient, the nurse remembers that increased age is associated with: (Select all that apply.) increased T-cell function decreased ability to fight infection. increased production of antibodies. decreased T-cell function. decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes.

B. Decreased ability to fight infections D. Decreased T-cell function E. Decreased number of circulating immune complexes

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? Autoimmune Allergic Alloimmune Anaphylaxis

C. Alloimmune

An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant’s history and physical? The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely. The mother was exposed to measles. The baby is Rh positive. The father was exposed to Agent Orange.

C. The baby is Rh positive

Which description accurately describes electrolytes - Large protein molecules Micronutrient used to produce ATP Small lipid-soluble molecules Electrically charged molecules

D. Electrically charged molecules

A 35-year-old man weighs 70kg. Approximately how much of his weight is considered the total volume of body water? 5L 42L 10L 28L

B. 42L

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding the classical pathway of the complement system? The classical pathway of the complement system is activated by: Histamine Antigen-antibody complexes Prostaglandins Leukotrienes

B. Antigen-antibody complexes

A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an initial exposure 48 hours ago. The condition is an example of: Serum sickness Delayed hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis Viral disease

B. Delayed hypersensitivity

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand? Monocytes Leukotrienes Eosinophils Neutrophils

D. Neutrophils

E1 Q2 Bank Flashcards

(105 cards)