E2 Parasite Genus/Species List Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Diphyllobothrium latum (2)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Human, dog, bear (fish eaters) Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: Copepod (water flea) & Pike fish Diagnosis: Egg in feces Important facts: None
2
Q
Spirometra mansonoides (3)
A
Category: Tapeworms
Host(s): Cats & dogs (carnivores)
Organ system:
Transmission: Copepod (water flea) & snake/frog
Diagnosis: Eggs in feces
Important facts: Causes sparganosis in humans
-infects brain and eye
3
Q
Davainea proglottina (1)
A
Category: Tapeworms
Host(s): Poultry
Organ system: Small intestine (duodenum)
Transmission: Snail or slug
Diagnosis: Eggs in feces (small w/ 6 hooks)
Important facts: None
4
Q
Anoplocephala sp. (3)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Horse Organ system: Small & large intestine Transmission: Oribatid mites Diagnosis: Egg w/ pyriform apparatus Important facts: *No armed rostellum *Eggs have a pyriform apparatus w/ 6 hooks *Similar to Moniezia sp. in cattle & sheep
5
Q
Anoplocephala perfoliata (2)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Horse Organ system: Small AND large intestine Transmission: Oribatid mites Diagnosis: Egg w/ pyriform apparatus Important facts: *Most COMMON horse tapeworm in the USA *Most PATHOGENIC *No armed rostellum *Eggs have a pyriform apparatus w/ 6 hooks
6
Q
Moniezia sp. (4)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Cattle & sheep Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: Oribatid mites Diagnosis: Egg w/ pyriform apparatus Important facts: *Similar to Anoplocephala sp. in horses *No armed rostellum *Eggs have a pyriform apparatus w/ NO hooks *NOT pathogenic *Al-bendazole *20 ft long!
7
Q
Moniezia benedenni (1)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Cattle only! Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: Oribatid mites Diagnosis: Egg w/ pyriform apparatus Important facts: *Similar to Anoplocephala sp. in horses *No armed rostellum *Eggs have a pyriform apparatus w/ NO hooks *NOT pathogenic *Al-bendazole *20 ft long!
8
Q
Thysanosoma actinoides (2)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Sheep (goats & wild ruminants) Organ system: Small intestine, bile & pancreatic ducts Transmission: Unknown Diagnosis: Eggs rarely seen! Important facts: *"Fringed Tapeworm"!
9
Q
Taenia saginata (5)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Humans are definitive host! Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: *Larvae in beef muscle = cysticercus Diagnosis: Larval cysts in beef Important facts: *"Beef measles"! *Humans defecating in feed bunks *Control by sanitation
10
Q
Taenia solium (6)
A
Category: Tapeworms
Host(s): Humans are definitive host!
Organ system: Small intestine
Transmission: *Larvae in pork muscle = cysticercus cellulosae
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*Neurocystocercosis in humans can come from people eating feces of infected people
11
Q
Taeniid tapeworms (2)
A
Metacestodes Larval stages 1. Cysticercoid 2. Cysticercus 3. Coenurus 4. Hydatid cyst NOT coracidium
12
Q
Taenia hydatigena (1)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Dog (carnivores) Organ system: N/A Transmission: Pigs, sheep other ruminants Diagnosis: N/A Important facts: *Cysticercus in omentum & mesenteries
13
Q
Taenia ovis (1)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Dog (carnivores) Organ system: N/A Transmission: Sheep Diagnosis: N/A Important facts:
14
Q
Taenia krabbei (1)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Wolf (other canids) Organ system: N/A Transmission: Deer (cervids) Diagnosis: N/A Important facts:
15
Q
Taenia pisiformis (2)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Dog (carnivores) Organ system: N/A Transmission: Rabbits Diagnosis: N/A Important facts: *Risk for dogs that chase and eat rabbits
16
Q
Echinococcus granulosus (12)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Dog Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: Sheep and horses Diagnosis: Taeniid eggs in feces Important facts: *Can cause disease in people! *Larval stage can cause pressure necrosis *Armed rostellum *Unilocular hydatid cysts
17
Q
Echinococcus multilocularis (2)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Fox Organ system: N/A Transmission: Small rodents Diagnosis: N/A Important facts: *Multilocular hydatid cysts *Can cause disease in people! *Most lethal parasitic disease in people
18
Q
Dipylidium caninum (4)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Dog & cat (plus wild relatives) Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: Fleas and biting louse Diagnosis: Segments, rare in feces Important facts: *Control = (1) Remove adult worms (2) Remove fleas *Crawling rice grains *Treatment = (1) Praziquantel & (2) Imidacloprid
19
Q
Mesocestoides sp. (1)
A
Category: Tapeworms Host(s): Dog & cat (plus wild relatives) Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: (1) Oribatid mite (2) Amphibians, reptiles & rodents Diagnosis: Segment with parauterine organ Important facts: *TWO intermediate hosts!
20
Q
Nematodes (3)
A
- Diecious = separate sexes
- Possess a simple nervous system
- Has an inert cuticle
- Have a mouth and anus = two openings
- Life cycle
(1) Large numbers of eggs
(2) Molting from one stage to another
(3) Host eats larvae from herbage
(4) L3 is the INFECTIVE stage
(5) L4 is inside the host
(6) L5 = juvenile adult
21
Q
Ascarids (2)
A
*3 well-developed lips
*Successful because:
(1) Eggs can survive LONG in the environment
(2) Large numbers of eggs are produced
Do NOT live long in the host
*Eggs will NOT be present in feces!
*May involve tracheal migration
22
Q
Ascaris lumbricoides (1)
A
Category: Roundworms Host(s): Human Organ system: N/A Transmission: N/A Diagnosis: N/A Important facts: N/A
23
Q
Ascaris suum (4)
A
Category: Roundworms Host(s): Swine Organ system: Small intestine, stomach, bile duct & liver Transmission: (1) Direct = pigs eats shed eggs (2) Paratenic hosts: earthworms and rodents Diagnosis: Cough (thumps), egg in feces Important facts: *Mammillated egg surface *Lesions = milk spots on liver
24
Q
Parascaris equorum (3)
A
Category: Roundworms Host(s): Horse Organ system: Small intestine Transmission: Eggs in environment Diagnosis: Eggs in feces Important facts: *Foals become sick when they ingest eggs from the environment *"Summer colds" in foals
25
Ascaridia galli (2)
```
Category: Roundworms
Host(s): Poultry (ducks, geese, chickens, turkeys)
Organ system:
Transmission: Eggs in environment
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*May see worm in fresh chicken egg!
```
26
Heterakis gallinarum (3)
Category: Roundworms
Host(s): Poultry
Organ system: Cecum
Transmission:
(1) Direct: eggs in environment
(2) Paratenic host: earthworm
Diagnosis: Smooth shelled egg or histomoniasis problem
Important facts:
*Most common nematode in poultry
*Vector for Histomonas sp. (protozoa) = enters egg
*Male has a pre-anal sucker NOT a post-anal sucker
27
Toxocara canis (10)
```
Category: Roundworms
Host(s): Dog (plus wild canids)
Organ system: Small intestine
Transmission:
(1) Prenatal to fetus
(2) Lactogenic to pups
(3) Paratenic hosts: prey animals
(4) Direct: ingestion of adult worms
Diagnosis: Eggs in feces or worms in vomit
(a) Finely pitted brown shell = golf ball
(b) Tiny space between the egg and shell
Important facts:
*COMMON
*Tracheal migration
*Somatic migration
*Newborn puppies = pulmonary hemorrhage
*Heartworm preventatives are effective
*Treat pups @ 2, 4, 6 & 8 weeks
*VLM in humans
```
28
Toxocara cati (2)
```
Category: Roundworms
Host(s): Cat (plus wild felids)
Organ system: Small intestine
Transmission:
(1) Direct
(2) Lactogenic to kittens
(3) Paratenic hosts: prey animals
Diagnosis: Eggs in feces similar to T. canis
Important facts:
*COMMON
*NO prenatal transmission like T. canis
*VLM in humans
```
29
Toxascaris leonina (2)
```
Category: Roundworms
Host(s): Dog & cat (plus wild relatives)
Organ system: Small intestine
Transmission:
(1) Direct
(2) Paratenic host: prey animals
(3) NOT transmitted to young
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*How to differentiate from T. canis
(1) Smooth shell
(2) Large space between ova and shell
*NO VLM in humans!
```
30
Baylisascaris procyonis (2)
```
Category: Roundworms
Host(s): Racoon & dog!
Organ system: Small intestine
Transmission:
(1) Direct
(2) Paratenic host: mice, rabbots, squirrels
Diagnosis: Eggs in feces
Important facts:
*Neurotrophic visceral larva migrans (VLN) in humans
```
31
Strongyloides sp. (2)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Many
Organ system: Intestines
Transmission:
(1) Direct lifecycle Homogonic
(2) Indirect lifecycle = Heterogonic
(3) Lactogenic
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Has a free living generation
*Parasitic form is parthenogenic
= eggs may be genetically 1X, 2X, or 3X
```
32
```
Pelodera strongyloides =
Rhabditis strongyloides (3)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Dog, horse, cattle, swine, rodents
Organ system: Skin and hair follicles
Transmission:
(1) Lactogenic infection of baby pigs
(2) Wet bedding
Diagnosis: Larvae from skin scraping
Important facts:
*Usually a free living worm = Heterogonic cycle!
*Know BOTH names! Prof has referred to both
33
Strongyloides ransomi (2)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Swine (esp. young animals)
Organ system: Small intestine (Larvae = somatic)
Transmission:
(1) Direct
(2) Indirect
(3) Latogenic
Diagnosis: Larvated egg in feces
Important facts:
*Most PATHOGENIC in young pigs
*Only in PIGS
```
34
Strongyloides westeri (1)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Equine (esp. foals)
Organ system: Small intestine (Larvae = somatic)
Transmission:
(1) Lactogenic
Diagnosis: Diarrhea, eggs in feces
Important facts:
*Short prepatent period = eggs seen in feces of young foals
```
35
Strongylus vulgaris (5)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Large strongyle
Host(s): Horse
Organ system: Cecum & anterior mesenteric artery
Transmission: Ingestion of larvae
Diagnosis: Eggs in feces
Important facts:
*May cause colic during migration
*Migrates into anterior mesenteric artery
*Most PATHOGENIC large strongyle
*DRUG =
(1) Benzimidazoles
(a) Fenbendazole
(b) Oxibendazole
(2) Macrolide lactones
(a) Moxidectin
```
36
Strongylus edentatus (1)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Large strongyle
Host(s): Equine
Organ system: Colon
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts: N/A
```
37
Strongylus equinus (1)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Large strongyle
Host(s): Equine
Organ system: Ceacum
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts: N/A
```
38
```
Small Strongyles (3)
(Cyathostomes)
```
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Equine
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Little RED worms
*Cysts in large bowl cause most disease
*Ineffective dewormers
= Pyrantel
= Fenbendazole
```
39
Strongylus cyathostomum (1)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Small strongyle
Host(s): Equine
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts: N/A
```
40
Haemonchus contortus (5)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Ruminant strongyles = Trichostrongylus
Host(s): Sheep
Organ system: Abomasum
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*"Barber pole worm" "Stomach worm"
*Most IMPORTANT parasite of sheep
*Voracious blood sucker
*When to deworm
(1) Fecal egg counts
(2) FAMACHA (measurement of anemia)
```
41
Haemonchus placei (1)
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Ruminant strongyles = Trichostrongylus
Host(s): Sheep
Organ system: Abomasum
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Less pathogenic than Haemonchus contortus
42
Ostertagia sp. (3)
```
Hypobiosis
= larvae enter the gastric glands and stop developing until favorable weather
(1) Arrested development
(2) Rest in gastric gland
(3) Destroy gland when escaping
```
43
Ostertagia ostertagi (4)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Ruminant strongyles = Trichostrongylus
Host(s): Cattle
Organ system: Abomasum
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: Strongyle type eggs in feces, bottle jaw
Important facts:
*"Brown stomach worm"
*Grows 10X size in gastric gland
```
44
Trichostrongylus axei (5)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
= Ruminant strongyles = Trichostrongylus
Host(s): Cattle, sheep and horses
Organ system: Stomach or abomasum
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*SMALLEST of the stomach worms
*Does NOT migrate
*One of the few parasites that is of mixed grazing concern
```
45
Cooperia sp. (2)
Category: Trichostrongylus = Ruminants
* Pathogenic = cause lack of gain
* Causes inflammatory response in colon
* Very prolific = fecund (lots of offspring)
* Infects ruminants
46
Nematodirus sp. (2)
Category: Trichostrongylus = Ruminants
* Larvae remain in eggs until infective
* Requires COLD temps to become infective!
* Infects ruminants
47
Oesophagostomum sp. (2)
Category: Trichostrongylus = Ruminants
* May interfere with intestinal absorption in the colon
* Larvae live in nodules in the colon
* Infects ruminants
48
Hyostrongylus rubidus (1)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Swine
Organ system: Stomach
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Red stomach worm"
```
49
Stephanurus dentatus (3)
```
Category: Pinworms (Threadworms)
Host(s): Swine
Organ system: Kidneys, ureters, perirenal tissue & liver (larvae)
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Swine kidney worm"
*Live in pairs in the ureter
*Migrate extensively in the liver
*May be controlled by a gilts only breeding program
```
50
Syngamus trachea (2)
```
Category:
Host(s): Birds (chickens, turkeys, pheasants)
Organ system: Intestines & lung
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Gape worm or Y worm"
*Adults remain in permanent copulation
*Eggs have opercula at both ends
* Adults obstruct the trachea
```
51
Hookworms (5)
* Suck a plug of gut into their buccal capsule
* Hookworm larvae may cause infection after penetration of the skin
* Eggs will NOT be present in the feces of a 1 week old puppy!
52
Ancylostoma caninum (1)
Category: Hookworm (carnivore strongyle)
Host(s): Dog (plus wild relatives), rare in cats
Organ system: Small intestine
Transmission:
(1) Oral infection
(2) Skin penetration
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Skin lesions in dogs that live outside on soil
53
Ancylostoma braziliense (2)
```
Category: Hookworm (carnivore strongyle)
Host(s): Dog & CAT
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Major cause of cutaneous larval migrans in humans
*Most common in cats
```
54
Uncinaria stenocephala (1)
```
Category: Hookworm (carnivore strongyle)
Host(s): Dog (plus wild relatives), rare in cats
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Northern hookworm"
*Survives freezing
```
55
Dictyocaulus viviparus (3)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Cattle, buffalo, camel and wild ruminants
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Larvae may be seen in feces
```
56
Dictyocaulus filariae (1)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Sheep, goats, rare in wild ruminants
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts: N/A
```
57
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (2)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Donkey (natural host) & other equines
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Eggs NEVER seen in feces
```
58
Metastrongylus apri (2)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Swine & wild relatives
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: Intermediate host = earthworm
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*INTERMEDIATE host! = earthworms
*No earthworms = no infected pigs
```
59
Crenosoma vulpis (2)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Dog & wild canids
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: Intermediate host = snails & slugs
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Fox lungworm"
```
60
Muellerius capillaris (2)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Sheep, goats and chamois (goat antelope)
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: Intermediate host = land snail
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Hair lungworm"
*Larvae can be seen in feces
```
61
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (3)
```
Category: Non-lungworm (strongyle type)
Host(s): White-tailed deer
Organ system: Meninges
Transmission: Intermediate host = land snail & slug
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Meningeal worm of deer"
*Can cause severe disease in llamas and alpacas or moose = aberrant hosts
```
62
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (1)
```
Category: Lungworms (strongyle type)
Host(s): Cat
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: Baermann examination of feces (larvae)
Important facts:
*"Cat lung worm"
```
63
Filaroides sp. (1)
* Parasites of the respiratory system
* NO intermediate host
* Lymph --> blood --> heart --> lungs
* Larvae are passed in feces
64
Habronema sp. (3)
* Spirurid
* Horse stomach worm
* Larvae cause "summer sores" or bursati
* Vector & intermediate host = Muscid flies
* Similar to Draschia sp.
65
Draschia megastoma (4)
```
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Horse
Organ system: Stomach
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*Similar to Habronema sp.
*Also causes "summer sores" via Muscid flies
```
66
Thelazia sp. (3)
*"Eye worm"
*Fly as intermediate host
*Adults may be found on the surface of the eye
*OK to remove adults mechanically
*Infect many species
*Transmitted via Muscid flies
(like Habronema sp. & Draschia sp.)
67
Spirocerca lupi (2)
```
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Dogs and wild canids & felids
Organ system: Esophagus & stomach
Transmission: Intermediate host = Dung beetle
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Esophageal worm"
*NOT in MN
*Eggs passed in feces
*Similar to Gongylonema pulchrum
```
68
Gongylonema pulchrum (2)
```
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Swine (sheep, goats & cattle)
Organ system:
Transmission: Intermediate host = Dung beetle
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*"Oesophageal worm" or "Gullet worm"
*Similar to Spirocerca lupi
```
69
Ascarops strongylina (3)
```
Category: Spiruird & Physalopteran worm
Host(s): Swine & wild relatives
Organ system: Stomach
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*"Large stomach worm" or "Thick stomach worm"
*Similar to Physocephalus sexalatus
```
70
Physocephalus sexalatus (2)
```
Category: Spiruird & Physalopteran worm
Host(s): Swine & wild relatives
Organ system: Stomach
Transmission:
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*Similar to Ascarops strongylina
```
71
Spirurida (1)
* NOT generally considered major pathogens
| * Have an arthropod intermediate host
72
Physaloptera sp. (3)
* Spirurid
* Stomach & intestinal worm
* Uses intermediate hosts
* Common in MN
* NO effective treatment!
* Prevent pets from eating intermediate hosts!
73
Oxyspirura mansoni (2)
```
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Poultry (chickens & turkeys)
Organ system: Eye
Transmission: Intermediate host = cockroach!
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Poultry eye worm"
```
74
Tetrameres sp. (2)
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Birds (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, psittacines & raptors)
Organ system: Proventriculus
Transmission: Intermediate host = arthropod
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Globular worm"
75
Cheilospirura (Acuaria) hamulosa (2)
```
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Birds (chickens, turkeys, pheasants, psittacines, waterfowl, and raptors)
Organ system: Gizzard
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*"Gizzard worm"
```
76
Dispharynx nasuta (1)
Category: Spiruird
Host(s): Poultry (chickens, turkeys and pheasants)
Organ system: Proventriculus, gizzard & esophagus
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts: N/A
77
Dirofilaria immitis (10)
Category: Filariid
Host(s): Dogs & cats (plus wild relatives), sea lions and otters, ferrets, racoons, horses, humans?
Organ system:
Adults = Right heart
Microfilariae = Blood, other organs & tissues
Transmission: Intermediate host = mosquito
Diagnosis:
Important facts:
*"Canine Dirofilariasis" or "Canine Heartworm"
*PPP = 6 months
*Infective L3 larvae only develop in the mosquito!
*Cats can develop disease due to aberrant migration of worms esp. CNS or ocular tissue
= organ most affected is the lungs!
*Monthly preventatives work by killing larvae
*DRUG that kills adults = Melarsomine hydrochloride
78
Filariids (2)
```
*Females produce fully developed larvae
= microfilaria
*Arthropod intermediate host
*Microfilariae in circulation or skin
*Worms live in body cavity, CT, lymph or blood
```
79
Acanthocheilonema (Dipetalonema) reconditum (2)
Category: Filariid
Host(s): Dog & wild canids
Organ system: Subcutaneous tissue and body cavities
Transmission: Intermediate hosts = fleas!
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Microfilaria look very similar to Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm) and may confound diagnosis
80
Setaria sp. (1)
```
Category: Filariid
*Peritoneal worms
*Intermediate host = mosquito
*Hosts = cattle & horses
NOT dogs
```
81
Onchocerca sp. (3)
Category: Filariid
* Adults = connective tissue
* Microfilaria = skin, lymphatics & CT
* Species causes "River blindness" in humans
82
Dracunculus insignis (1)
Category: Filariid
Host(s): Raccoon, mink, dog, fox, muskrat, skunk, weasel & otter
Organ system: Subcutaneous tissue esp. leg
Transmission:
Intermediate host = Copepod (small crustacean)
Paratenic host = Frog
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Present in MN
83
Trichuris sp. (1)
Category: Whipworms
| *Eggs are identified by having BIPOLAR PLUGS
84
Trichuris vulpis (1)
Category: Whipworms
Host(s): Dogs and wild canids
Organ system: Caecum and large intestine
Transmission: Direct life cycle = NO intermediate host
Diagnosis: clinical signs
(1) Soft feces with bright red blood
(2) Weight Loss, diarrhea, tenesmus (straining to defecate)
Important facts: N/A
85
Trichuris felis (1)
```
Category: Whipworms
Host(s): Cat
Organ system: N/A
Transmission: N/A
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*Very rare in cats in the continental US
```
86
Eucoleus (Capillaria) aerophilus (1)
Category: Whipworms
Host(s): Dog & cat (plus other wild animals)
Organ system: Lungs
Transmission: Direct life cycle = NO intermediate host
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts: N/A
87
Pearsonema (Capillaria) plica (1)
Category: Whipworms
Host(s): Dogs
Organ system: Urinary bladder and kidney pelvis
Transmission: Ingestion of earthworm with L1 is required!
Diagnosis: Egg in urine sediment
Important facts:
*"Bladder worm of Canids"
88
Capillaria sp. (avian) (1)
* Can be quite pathogenic = important
| * May use an earthworm as a paratenic host
89
Dioctophyme renale (2)
Category: Roundworm
Host(s): Dog, mink, wolf & fox
Organ system: RIGHT kidney
Transmission:
Intermediate host = Oligochaeta (aquatic worm)
Paratenic host = Fish esp. bullheads or pike
Diagnosis: Eggs in urine
Important facts:
*Bright red color
*Worm could also be found free in the abdominal cavity
90
Trichinella spiralis (3)
Category: Roundworm
Host(s): Swine, Humans, other mammals
Organ system:
Adults = small intestine
Larvae = encysted in muscle tissue
Transmission: Must eat infected muscle
Diagnosis: N/A
Important facts:
*NOT very pathogenic in swine BUT deadly in humans!
*Bear meat poses the greatest risk to humans
*Horses are not usually affected because they are herbivores and would need to eat infected meat
