Lab Exam Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
Primates
A
Entamoeba histolytica
Ameoba pathogenic to primates
Infection in liver and brain can be fatal
Four (4) nuclei is diagnostic
2
Q
Human
A
Entamoeba coli
Eight nuclei
Larger size than E. histolytica
NON-pathogenic
3
Q
All animals + humans
A
Naegleria fowleri
Large dark nuclear endosome is diagnostic
Brain infection from swimming in hot water
Infects all animals + humans
4
Q
Animals + humans
A
Giardia sp.
Trophozoite stage (rare in feces)
Tear drop shap and two nuclei
Remember zinc sulfate soolution
5
Q
Animals + humans
A
Giardia sp.
Cyst stage
Four nuclei (only 3 may be visible)
More common in feces
6
Q
Cattle
A
Trichomonas foetus
Undulating membrane is diagnostic
Direct smear of preputial wash from bull
Causes abortions in cattle
7
Q
Chickens & turkeys
A
Histomonas meleagridis
Round parasite with central nuclei
Large space between parasite and host = diagnostic
Infects turkeys
Heterakis is a transport host (nematode)
8
Q
Swine and humans
A
Balantidium coli
Trophozoite stage
Harmelss commensal of swine intestine
Pathogenic in humans (primates)
Pear shaped
Macro and micro nulcei plus cilia
9
Q
Swine and humans
A
Balantidium coli
Cyst stage
10
Q
Fish
A
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
Trophozoite stage
Horse-shoe macromucleus
“White spot” in fish
T. stage lives in galleries in the epithelium
11
Q
Fish
A
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
Infective stage = tomite or swarmer
Red stained both macro and micro nucleui
12
Q
Rabbits
A
Nosema cuniculi
Dark stainging spores!
Gram positive staining
Infects rabbits
13
Q
Chickens
A
Eimeria tenella
Major coccida of chickens
Infection of cecum
Note: Schizonts containing merozoites (bananas)
14
Q
Chickens
A
Eimeria tenella
Chicken cecum
Note: bloody casts
15
Q
Cattle
A
Eimeria bovis
Left: unsporulated oocyst
Right: sporulated oocyst
4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites each
Highly pathogenic bovine coccidia
16
Q
Goose kidney
Coccida
A
Eimeria truncata
Infects goose kidney
Ocysts in urine!
17
Q
Rabbits
A
Eimeria stiedai
Infects rabbits
18
Q
Swine
Coccidia
A
Isospora suis
Most pathogenic coccida of swine
2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each!
19
Q
Eimeria versus Isospora
A
Eimeria: cattle and poultry
4/2
4 sporocysts with 2 sporozoites each
Isospora: dogs and cats
2 sporocysts with 4 sporozoites each
Swine and humans = both are infective
20
Q
Mouse abdominal fluid
A
Toxoplasma gondii
Motile tachyzoites
DH: cat
21
Q
Mouse brain
A
Toxoplasma gondii
Cyst with bradyzoites
22
Q
Duck muscle
A
Sarcocystis sp.
Rice grains in muscle = sarcocysts
Duck is IH
DH are carnivores
Thin walled sporulated sporocyst in fecal float
23
Q
All mammals
DMSO carbol fuschin stain
A
Cryptosporidium parvum
Pink stained oocysts
Small oocysts
4-8 naked sporozoites in fresh feces = NO sporocyst
Does not need to sporulated to be infective
24
Q
All mammals
A
Cryptosporidium parvum
Oocysts on villi of small intestine
25
Humans
Plasmodium vivax
Human malaria
Ring stage in RBC with jewel and ring
26
Birds
Haemoproteus columbae
Pigeon
Blue staining on one side of RBC
27
Turkey
Leucocytozoon smithi
Parastized WBCs
Transmitted by black flies (fast water)
28
Turkey
Leucocytozoon sp.
Cracked appearance of cytomeres in the schizont
= Megaloschizonts
Black fly (Simulium sp.) in the vector
29
Dogs
Babesia canis
Tear-drop shape in RBCs
Vector: brown dog tick
30
Bovids
Theileria parva
Pleomorphic: varies in shape
Infects cattle (Africa)
DH: Ixodid (hard) ticks
31
Bovids
Theileria parva
Koch's blue bodies = schizonts of Theileria
Inside macrophages
32
What characterizes flukes?
1. Flat
2. Suckers (acetabula)
3. Blind gut = no anus
4. Tegumant
5. Hermaphroditic = monoecious
6. No body cavity
33
Cattle, sheep & humans
Fasciola hepatica
Common liver fluke of sheep adn cattle
Cepalic cone = diagnostic
34
Cattle, sheep & humans
Fasciola hepatica
Large, amber colored eggs
Need fluke finder!
35
Cattle, sheep & humans
Fasciola hepatica
Miracidia
Penetrates snail (IH)
36
Cattle, sheep & humans
Fasciola hepatica
Lymnid snails
Intermediate hosts
Drainage ditches
37
Cattle, sheep & humans
Fasciola hepatica
Cercaria
Emerges from the snail
Encysts as metacercaria on vegetation
38
White tailed deer
Fasciola magna
NO cephalic cone!
Branched organs
DH: white tailed deer
39
Cattle & sheep
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Lancet fluke
Parasitizes bile ducts esp. sheep
WIll NOT float
Not in MN
40
Cattle & sheep
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Egg
41
Mink, dog, cat + humans
Paragonimus sp.
Lung fluke of mink, dog and cat
42
Mink, dog, cat + humans
Paragonimus sp.
Egg
Dark amber
Flattened on one side
Septum or feces!
43
Fish eating carnivores (dog)
Nanophyetus salmincola
Salmon poisoning fluke
Harbors Neorickettsia bacteria
44
Carnivores (dog)
Alaria sp.
Surface of small intestine
Carnivore eats frog or snake
Most common fluke seen in dog feces in MN!!!
Yellow large eggs
45
Chickens
Prosthogonimus sp.
Fluke of oviduct of fowl
Can show up in chicken eggs!
46
Birds
Echinostoma sp.
Flukes of birds and mammals
Spiny collar!!!
47
Birds and humans
Avian Schistosome
Swimmer itch
Cercaria
48
Fish
Black spot
Fluke metacercaria
Fish = IH
DH = belted kingfisher
No risk to humans
49
Insects
Horsehair worm
Freeliving stage of insect parasite
NOT nematodes
Pet may vomit after eating grasshopper
50
Tapeworm characteristics
1. Flat
2. Suckers
3. Segmented!
4. No gut
5. Tegument
6. Hermaphroditic
7. No body cavity
51
Dog and cat
Tapeworms
Cyclophyllidean eggs
Hexicanth larvae are present in egg immediatly
52
Cats and dogs
Pseudophyllidean eggs
Tapeworms
Look just like fluke eggs when laid
Need time to develop hexacanth larvae
53
Which cestode life stage is most patogenic?
Larval stage
54
Humans, bears and dogs
Diphyllobothrium latum
Pseudophyllideans (incubation)
LACKS suckers!
Infects humans, bears and dogs
Risk when eating raw fish
55
Predator-prey
Taenia sp.
Cyclophyllideans (larvated eggs)
Radially striated shell
Eggs in segments difficult to see on a fecal
Motile rice grains near anus!!!
Predator eats prey with muscle cysts
56
Predator-prey
Taenia sp. scolex
4 sucker and 2 circles of hooklets = scolex
57
Predator-prey
Taenia sp.
Mature segment
SINGLE lateral pore
58
What is the DH and IH of Dipylidium caninum?
Dipylidium caninum
DH = dogs & cats
IH = flea
Fleas are swallowed
59
Dogs & cats
Dipylidium caninum
Scolex
Retractable rostellum with severl rows of hooklets
60
Dogs & cats
Dipylidium caninum
Segment has 2 laterla pores!!!
61
Dogs & cats
Dipylidium caninum
Eggs are in packets!!!
62
Dog, horse and human
Echinococcus granulosis
Much smaller than Taenia worms
Eggs are are a public health risk!!! Hydatid cyst
Common in MN in wild canids (nonpathogenic)
63
Dog, horse and human
Echinococcus granulosis
Hydatid cysts!!!
Larval stage = protoscolices
64
Horses
Anoplocephala sp.
Infects horses!
Eggs = pyriform aparatus
Shape = square, triangular or circular
65
Cattle
Moniezia sp.
Infects ruminants
Looong adult worms
66
All animals
Ascarids
3 lips on head = Ascarid
Only found in the small intestine!
67
Horses
Parascaris equorum
Egg in feces
Worms in small intestine
Note: orange brown protein coat & granular texture
"Summer colds" in foals
68
Dogs
Toxocara canis
Infects only dogs
Eggs: golfball pitting (rough); large embryo
69
Dogs & cats
Toxascaris leonina
Infects both dogs & cats
Egg: lacks thick protein coat
70
Racoon, dog and human
Baylisascaris procyonis
Racoon ascarid
Can infect dogs
Zoonotic risk!
Eggs: lack protein coat; smaller
71
Swine and humans
Ascaris suum
Common ascarid of swine
Zoonotic risk
Milk spots on liver = migration scars
72
Horses
Oxyuris equi
Common pinworm of horses
Eggs: elongated, one side flattened, cap
73
Pinworm of Chickens
Heterakis gallinarum
Common pinworm of chickens
Transports Histomonas meleagridis protozoa
74
Strongylida order
What infects which species?
Horses = strongyles
Ruminants = Trichostrongyles
Carnivores = Hookworms
All species = metastrongylid lungworms
75
What are Strongyle type eggs? What is special about the male worms?
Morula eggs
Males have a large fleshy bursa = circular ray
76
All aminals
Strongyle type egg
77
Hemorrhagic aneurysm in the anterior mesenteric artery
Strongylus vulgaris
Most pathogenic of 3 large strongyles in horses
They are differentiated by the buccal capsule
78
How are small strongyles different from large strongyles?
Small strongyles
Lack buccal capsule
Eggs are same as large strongyles
79
What is the HOT complex?
Pathogenic Trichostrongylids
1. Haemonchus
2. Ostertagia
3. Trichostrongylus
80
Sheep
Haemonchus contortus
Voracious blood feeder in abomasum
ANEMIA!
Barberpole worm
81
Strongylid bursa
Note amber colored spicules
Organ only on the male!
82
What do hookworms have?
Teeth!
83
Dogs and canids (cats rare)
Ancylostoma caninum
Two plates with 3 teeth each
84
Dogs and canids (cats rare)
Ancylostoma caninum
Eggs
You know they are hookworm eggs because no other strongylids infect dogs & cats
85
Poultry
Syngamus trachea
Egg: strongyle type egg with bipolar plugs!!!
Diagnostic feature
86
Poultry
Syngamus trachea
87
All animals
Spirurids
Egg: THIN shell does NOT float well!
ALL use arthropod IHs!
88
All animals
Thelazia ssp.
T. lacrymalis = horses
T. californiensis = dogs, cats, sheep, deer, humans
89
Esopageal worm of canids
Spirocerca lupi
Esopageal worm of canids
90
Horses
Habronema ssp.
Horses
Also make fibrous tumors in the stomach
91
Swine
Ascarops sp.
Thick stomach worm of swine
Note: sprial supports around pharynx
92
Humans, dogs, pigs, cattle
Trichuris sp.
"Whipworms"
Bloody diarrhea!
Humans, dogs, pigs, cattle
93
Humans, dogs, pigs, cattle
Trichuris sp.
Egg: smooth, amber colored, bipolar plugs
Cat = Capillaria (no whipworms in cats in NA)
94
Dogs, cats, birds
Capillaria spp.
Feces, urine or sputum
Very similar to Trichuris
\*Smaller, less colorful, more barrel-shaped
Textured protein coat!!!
95
Swine
Trichinella spiralis
Swine muscle cysts
96
Dog and other canids
Dioctophyma renale
Dog infected after eating fish
Infects RIGHT kidney
97
Dogs and other canids
Dioctophyma renale
Large textured eggs
Found in urine
98
All animals
Strongyloides ssp.
Free living nematides
Pinworms!
Can parasitize skin
Lactogenic transmission
99
All animals
Strongyloides ssp.
Larvated egg
100
Rhabditic dermatitis on a dog?
Peloderma strongyloides
101
Swine
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
102
Swine
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
NOT a nematode!
103
Runinats and horses
Dictyocaulus ssp.
Lungworm
Larvated egg in fecal
Baermann procedure
104
Deer
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
Larvae are coughed up and passes in feces
NOT a lungworm
105
Swine
Metastrongylus spp.
Swine lungworm
Earthworm intermediate host
Larvated egg
106
Ruminants
Muellerius capillaris
Hair lungworm of ruminants
Found in standard fecals
107
Canids
Filaroides osleri
Larvae in feces or saliva
Note: brown nodules in trachea
108
What type of worm is this?
Filarids
Male worm has spiral tail
ALL have arthropod IHs
109
Dog
Dirofilaria immitis
RIGHT ventricle
Adult heartworms
Remember male has coiled tail
110
Dog
Dirofilaria immitis
Microfilaria
Knott's test
Straight body & tail
111
Dog
Dirofilaria immitis
Microfilaria in hematocrit tube
NOT reliable dignostic procedure
112
Dog
Acanthocheilonema reconditum
NON-pathogenic microfilaria
Note: hooked tail!
113
Bovine peritoneum
Setaria sp.
"Sheathed" microfilaria
IH: mosquito
114
Otter
Dracunculus insignis
Racoons and dogs too
Note: long thin tail is diagnostic
115
All animals
Sarcoptes scabiei
Causes carcoptic mange
1. V-shaped scales on dorsum
2. Long UNsegmented pedicules
Suckers = caruncles
116
Birds
Cnemidocoptes spp.
Infests birds
Note: Very round shape; spherical
Disease in legs and beaks
117
Rabbits
Psoroptes cuniculi
Rabbit ear mite
1. ALL 4 legs are long
2. Long segmented pedicle
118
Cattle (ruminants) and horses
Chorioptes bovis
1. Short UNsegemented pedicules
2. Hind end lesions
119
Dogs and cats
Otodectes cynotis
Ear mite of dogs and cats
1. Pedicles are short and UNsegmented
120
All animals
Cheyletiella spp.
Scaly dermatitis
1. Fang-like claws!
121
All animals
Demodex spp.
Lives in sebaceous glands
Tube-shaped
122
All animals
Mallophaga
"Chewing lice"
NOT affected by systemic insecticides
123
All animals
Phthiraptera
"Sucking lice"
1. Elongated head
Suck blood
124
All animals
Nit
Louse egg
125
Cats and dogs
Ctenocephalides felis
Common flea of cats and dogs
1. Pronotal combs
2. Genal combs
126
Cats and dogs
Ctenocephalides larvae
Common flea larvae
1. Long hairs
2. Short antennae-like structures at pointed end
127
Horses
Gasterophilus spp.
Stomach bot of horses
1. Rings of spines
2. Posterior spiracles
128
Horses
Gasterophilus spp.
Adult fly
129
Horse
Gasterophilus spp.
Egg
130
Sheep nasal bot?
Oestrus ovis
131
Cattle
Hypoderma spp.
Cattle bot or Ox warble
3rd stage larvae on the backs of cattle
132
Cattle
Hypoderma spp. fly
Ox warble
133
Burrowing rodents
Cuterebra sp.
Rodents
Accidental = cats and dogs
134
Burrowing rodents
Cuterebra sp.
Adult fly
135
Sheep
Melophagus ovinus
"Sheep ked"
Wingless fly
3 legs = insect!!!
136
Not a parasite
Musca domestica
1. Delicate venation
2. Single pair of wings
137
What two organs do ticks have that set them apart from mites?
1. Haller's organ (end of claw)
2. Toothed Hypostome (mouth)
138
Dermacentor variabilis
Amican dog tick or wood tick
Most common tick in MN
1. Short mouth parts
2. Male has ornate dorsum
139
Dogs & cats
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Brown dog tick
Can be found in winter living in homes
140
All animals
Ixodes scapularis
Deer tick
1. Long mouth parts
2. Anal groove = horseshoe shape
141
Horses, dogs, bision, other mamamals
Otobius megnini
Spinose ear tick = SOFT tick
Most common soft tick in USA
1. Spines
2. Violin shape
Only nymph feeds
142
