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Anatomy And Physiology 281 > E2 respiratory system SLIDES > Flashcards

E2 respiratory system SLIDES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary biological function of the respiratory system?

A

Breathing for life support

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2
Q

What is the secondary function of the respiratory system

A

breathing for speech

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3
Q

What is the overlaid function of the respiratory system

A

breathing for speech

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4
Q

What are the other words for inspiration and expiration

A

inhalation and exhalation

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5
Q

what king of airflow do we speak on

A

egressive

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6
Q

Who came up with the idea of egressive air flow

A

Boyle’s law
Gas at a constant temperature, increases the volume of the air chamber in which the gas is contained will cause a corresponding decrease in pressure

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7
Q

In Boyle’s law, what is the gas we are talking about

A

oxygen

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8
Q

In Boyle’s law, what is the chamber we are talking about

A

lungs

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9
Q

Given Boyle’s law, what happens to pressure when you increase the size of the container

A

pressure decreases

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10
Q

Given Boyle’s law, when the pressure of the chamber decreases, where does the air go

A

into the lungs

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11
Q

Given Boyle’s law, how does the air flow out of the lungs

A

pressure in the lungs increases

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12
Q

Given Boyle’s law, how does the air flow out of the lungs

A

The pressure in the lungs increases

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13
Q

What and where is atmospheric pressure

A

air outside the body

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14
Q

When the pressure inside the lungs is negative and the atmospheric pressure is positive, which way does the airflow

A

into the lungs

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15
Q

What bony structures support the respiratory system

A

Pelvic girdle
Spinal column
Pectoral girdle
Ribs and rib cage / thorax

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16
Q

how many pairs of ribs do we have

A

12

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17
Q

Where are ALL the ribs attached

A

posteriorly at the vertebral column

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18
Q

What is the anterior attachment of the first 10 ribs

A

the sternum

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19
Q

What is special about the lower two ribs

A

They are floating
They are only connected posteriorly to the vertebral column
Not attached to the anteriorly to the sternum

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20
Q

How does the rib cage move

A

Upward in the front - vertical - pump handle
Outward on the side - transversal/lateral - bucket handle
Front to back - anteroposterior

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21
Q

The ribs move up and out when we inhale OR exhale

A

inhale

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22
Q

The cartilaginous tube that runs to our lungs is the ____

A

trachea

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23
Q

The tube that is posterior to the trachea and goes to the stomach is the

A

esophagus

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24
Q

Why are there an uneven number of lobes in the lungs

A

Right = three
Left = two
Left needs more room for the mediastinum (contains the heart and some other organs)

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25
In the lungs, where does the exchange of gas take place
alveolar sacs or the alveoli
26
Starting at the innermost point in the lungs, what is the pathway out
Aleoli sac Alveolar duct Bronchiole Lungs Bronchus - i Trachea Mouth / nose
27
What is the smooth covering of the lungs and the inside of the thoracic cavity that permits the lungs to follow the movement of the thorax
pleura
28
If the natural tendency of the lungs is to collapse and the natural tendency of the thorax is to expand, why doesn’t this just happen
Attached the two by pleural linkage Resist the opposing forces
29
What king of breathing are you doing while sitting watching tv
quiet vegetative
30
When engaging in quiet breathing, which respiratory muscles are active during inhalation
only the diaphragm
31
When engaging in quiet breathing, which respiratory muscles are active during the exhalation
none - passive force
32
Which way does the diaphragm move when it contracts and what happens when it does
Moves downwards Increases the space within the thorax which decreases the pressure in the lungs The lungs are attached to the thorax by pleural linkage
33
What happens when the diaphragm stops contracting during quiet breathing
Passive forces squeeze air from the lungs Gravity Elastic recoil Relaxation pressure
34
When breathing for speech or forced breathing activities like running or tap dancing, muscle activity during inhalation is ________ and muscle activity during exhalation is ________
active, active
35
During breathing for speech, what are the active primary muscles of inhalation
diaphragm external intercostals
36
During breathing for speech what are the active muscles of exhalation
Internal intercostals Subcostals Serratus posterior inferior Quadratus lumborum of the rib cage muscles and abdominal muscles
37
What is shaped like an inverted dome and when contracted, increases the vertical dimension of the thorax
diaphragm
38
Does breathing change across the lifespan
Yes Posture Muscle strength
39
One cycle of respiration is composed of ___
One inspiration One extirpation
40
Lung volumes are the estimates of the ___ respiratory system
comapartment
41
The volume of air we breathe in and out during a respiratory cycle of quiet breathing is __
tidal volume
42
The volume of air that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration is ___
inspiratory reserve volume
43
The volume of air that can exhaled after a resting tidal expiration is the __
Resting lung volume Expiratory reserve volume
44
The volume of air that remains in the lungs and airways after a maximum exhalation is the ___
residual volume
45
Air that is not used for gas exchange is called ___
dead air
46
The last bit of air to be inhaled and first bit of air to be exhaled is called __
dead air
47
What happens when we engage in shallow breathing for an extended period of time
Yawning We are exchanging dead air and there is too much carbon dioxide in our system
48
Functional measures of two or more lung volumes are called ___
lung capacties
49
What is important to know about vital capacity
Volume of air that can be exhaled after as deep an inhalation as possible Represents the capacity available for speech
50
The volume of air remaining in the lungs and airways after a passive exhalation is called __
Total lung capacity
51
Where is intraoral pressure
in the mouth
52
where is sub glottal pressure
below vocal folds
53
Breathing while running the Boston marathon would be considered
fortunate and forced respiration
54
Breathing during forced respiration includes active muscles during ___
inhale and exhale
55
What kind of breathing does this describe? Air flows through the respiratory system without resistance in order to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
breathing for life
56
Air pressure must be increased and resistance must be set up in the airway
breathing for speech
57
What kind of breathing does this describe? Inhale and exhalation are about to be equal
breathing for life
58
What kind of breathing does this describe? Inhalation is quick and exhalation is extended with active muscle control
breathing for speech
59
What kind of breathing does this describe? Uses 25% of the vital capacity
breathing for speech
60
What kind of breathing does this describe? Occurs with about 12-18 breaths per minute
breathing for life
61
What kind of breathing does this describe? Passive forces squeeze air from the lungs
breathing for life
62
What kind of breathing does this describe? Requires voluntary control of respiration
breathing for speech
63
Ohm’s law accounts for pressure changes needed to overcome ___ ____ during speech
airway resistance
64
Name two sources of airway resistance that can be used to produce speech sounds
Vocal folds Places in the mouth that the tongue hits to produce speech sounds
65
How does the lungs-thorax unit manage to produce a controlled exhale during breathing for speech
Checking action of the muscles of exhalation
66
Relevant pressures
Alveolar pressure = inside the lungs Pleural pressure = inside the thorax and outside the lungs Abdominal pressure = within the abdominal cavity Transdiaphragmatic pressure = difference between pleural and abdominal pressure
67
Boyle's law - lung pressure?
Lung volume and alveolar pressure are inversely related when the breathing apparatus is closed (Boyle’s law)
68
is quiet breathing / tidal breathing what controls this (brain)
automatic brainstem THE MEDULLA!!! important
69
voluntary acts of breathing is controlled by ___
higher brain centers can override quiet breathing
70
primary function of respiratory system
good gas exchange push out CO2
71
Frequency requirements Quiet breathing
inhale/exhale 10/20 per minute Depends on what they want to say Difference between loud and short answers

Anatomy And Physiology 281 (6 decks)

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