E3: Ch 17

Question 1

Nervous system pathways travel through __ matter of the brainstem and/or spinal cord

Answer 1

white

Question 2

a pathway consists of a tract and a __

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

each tract may work with multiple __ groups in the ___

Answer 3

nuclei, CNS

Question 4

Ascending pathways are __

Answer 4

sensory

Question 5

descending pathways are __

Answer 5

motor

Question 6

contralateral means the __ side

Answer 6

opposite

Question 7

Ipsilateral means the __ side

Answer 7

same

Question 8

the term for most pathways exhibit a precise correspondence of receptors in body regions through nerve fibers to specific functional areas in the cerebral cortex, this is called

Answer 8

somatotopy

Question 9

somatosensory are pathways that process stimuli received from receptors within __, __, and _

Answer 9

skin, muscle, joints

Question 10

____ are pathways that process stimuli received from receptors within skin, muscle, joints

Answer 10

somatosensory

Question 11

Viscerosensory pathways process stimuli received from the ___

Answer 11

viscera

Question 12

__ pathways process stimuli received from the viscera

Answer 12

Viscerosensory

Question 13

3 types of somatosensory pathways:

Answer 13

Spinocerebellar, anterolateral, Posterior funiculus

Question 14

what pathway projects through the spinal cord, brainstem, and diencephalon, terminates in cerebral cortex

Answer 14

posterior funiculus

Question 15

tracts within the cord are called the

Answer 15

posterior funiculus

Question 16

fascicles cuneatus originates in the

Answer 16

upper limbs

Question 17

fascicles gracilis originates in the

Answer 17

lower limbs

Question 18

tracts within the brainstem are called the

Answer 18

medial lemniscus

Question 19

anterolateral pathway located in the __ and __ white funiculi of cord

Answer 19

anterior, lateral

Question 20

the anterolateral pathway is composed of what 2 tracts

Answer 20

anterior and lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 21

axons entering the 2 anterolateral pathways are related to crude __, __, __, ___

Answer 21

touch, pressure, pain, temp.

Question 22

axons of secondary neurons cross over to ___ side, occurring in the ___ white commissure

Answer 22

opposite, anterior

Question 23

spinocerebellar pathway coordinates __ __

Answer 23

body movement

Question 24

spinocerebellar pathway composed of 2 tracts

Answer 24

anterior, posterior spinocerebellar tracts

Question 25

efferent pathways are

Answer 25

motor pathways

Question 26

efferent pathways regulate

Answer 26

skeletal muscle activity

Question 27

descending projection tracts are motor pathway that originate from __ cortex and __

Answer 27

cerebral, brainstem

Question 28

2 motor neurons in somatic motor pathway

Answer 28

upper motor neuron, low motor neuron

Question 29

upper motor neuron within the __ cortex

Answer 29

cerebral

Question 30

lower motor neuron is housed within

Answer 30

anterior horn of spinal cord

Question 31

upper motor neuron ____ the lower motor neuron

Answer 31

excites or inhibits

Question 32

lower motor neuron ___ because it connects directly to skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 32

always excitatory

Question 33

cell bodies of motor neurons are involved in control of ___ and ___ muscles, reside in anterior horn of cord

Answer 33

limb, trunk,

Question 34

neurons innervate head and neck located in _____ in reticular formation

Answer 34

motor nuclei of cranial nerves

Question 35

direct pathways are

Answer 35

conscious control

Question 36

indirect pathways are

Answer 36

unconscious control

Question 37

direct pathways also called

Answer 37

pyramidal pathway

Question 38

axons in the pyramidal pathway ultimately form ___ descending __ tracts

Answer 38

3, motor

Question 39

3 descending motor tracts of the direct pathways

Answer 39

corticobulbar, lateral, anterior corticospinal tract

Question 40

corticobulbar tracts originate from the __ region

Answer 40

facial

Question 41

lateral corticospinal tracts control skilled movements in the __

Answer 41

limbs

Question 42

anterior corticospinal tracts innervate the __ skeleton muscle

Answer 42

axial

Question 43

indirect pathway originate in __ nuclei

Answer 43

brainstem

Question 44

indirect pathway have a complex route. T/F

Answer 44

T

Question 45

indirect pathways alter motor neuron __

Answer 45

sensitivity

Question 46

indirect pathways activate __ loops

Answer 46

feedback

Question 47

indirect pathways located in ___

Answer 47

head limbs trunk

Question 48

indirect pathway is __ and has a high degree of complexity

Answer 48

multi synaptic,

Question 49

indirect pathway has circuits are diverse and __

Answer 49

involve

Question 50

indirect pathway regulate contraction of __ __ via exciting or inhibiting the __ motor neurons

Answer 50

skeletal muscles, lower

Question 51

reticulospinal tracts originate from

Answer 51

mesencephalon

Question 52

reticulospinal controls movements related to __ and maintaining ___

Answer 52

posture, balance

Question 53

cerebral nuclei receive impulses from entire __ cortex. most output goes to primary __ cortex. also provides __ motor activity

Answer 53

cerebral, motor, concious

Question 54

cerebellum receives ___ input

Answer 54

convergent

Question 55

cerebral lateralization

Answer 55

cerebral hemispheres are specialized for certain tasks

Question 56

left hemisphere is the ___ hemisphere

Answer 56

categorical

Question 57

wernicke's area is in the __ hemi. this contains speech and __

Answer 57

left, language

Question 58

right hemisphere is the __ hemisphere

Answer 58

representational

Question 59

__ hemisphere concerned with visual reltaionships and analyses

Answer 59

right

Question 60

connects both hemispheres and allows for constant communication

Answer 60

corpus callosum

Question 61

Memory converion is called encoding or memory __

Answer 61

consolidation

Question 62

reticular formation is composed of __ matter

Answer 62

gray