E3P2

Question 1

what are amines?
-derivatives of?
-may be?
-hybridization?
-shape?

Answer 1

-derivatives of ammonia (NH3)
-may be primary, secondary or tertiary
-sp3
-pyramidal, almost tetrahedral

Question 2

primary amine

Answer 2

RNH2
-1 R group

Question 3

secondary amine

Answer 3

R2NH
-2 R groups

Question 4

tertiary amine

Answer 4

R3N
- 3 R groups

Question 5

quaternary ammonium salts

Answer 5

R4N+
- N has 4 bonds which results in a positive charge, cation. however it must have an anion nearby in order to exist

Question 6

-how do you name simple amines?
-symmetrical amines?
-unsymmetrical amines?
-what is used when amine is in lower priority?

Answer 6

-add suffix “-amine” to name of the alkyl substituent. largest group containing amine is always parent
-symmetrical amines use di- or tri-
-put N in front of alkyl group
-amino is used in lower priority (if there is alcohol, ketone, carboxylic acid, or aldehyde present)

Question 7

heterocyclic amines

Answer 7

is when nitrogen is part of the ring

Question 8

pyridine

Answer 8

benzene with N at bottom

Question 9

piperidine

Answer 9

cyclohexane with N at bottom

Question 10

pyrrole

Answer 10

upside down cyclopentane with two double bonds on side and N at tip

Question 11

aniline

Answer 11

benzene with NH2

Question 12

diamines:
-are what?
-use this when what is present?

Answer 12

-contains two amino groups (typically at front and end of compound)
-use this typically when methylene is present

Question 13

methylene

Answer 13

CH2
ex: tetramethylenediamine

Question 14

quaternary ammonium salts
-are ___ and have ___
-form?
-what has to be near it?

Answer 14

-are basic and have a lone pair on N
-form salts upon complexation with a fourth R group which may be same or different or hydrogen
-can’t exist without anion

Question 15

primary and secondary amines have?
-therefore?

Answer 15

hydrogen bonding
-therefore they have higher b.p than alkanes of similar m.m BUT lower b.p than alcohols of similar m.m

Question 16

tertiary amines don’t?
-have?

Answer 16

-have hydrogen bonds
-have lower b.p than primary or secondary amines of similar m.m

Question 17

states: low m.w amines are? high ones are?

Answer 17

-lower molecular weight are gases
-higher ones are liquids

Question 18

lower molecular weight amines are? and have?
-solubility?

Answer 18

-are volatile and have unpleasant ammonia like or fishy odors
-soluble in water

Question 19

amines are ___

Answer 19

weak Brønsted-lowry- bases

Question 20

basicity of amines
-more basic than?
-basicity constant is? and measures?

Answer 20

-more basic than alcohols, water and ethers
-is Kb and measures equilibrium of an amine with water

Question 21

dissociation of amine

Answer 21

RNH2 + H2O
—–>
<—–
RNH3+ + OH-

Question 22

equilibrium of amine

Answer 22

Kb= [product]
————–
[reactant]

Question 23

what does p mean in pKb= -log Kb

Answer 23

p means minuse the log of Kb

Question 24

what is the log of equilibrium for amines

Answer 24

pKb= -log Kb

Question 25

the stronger the base in equilibrium...

Answer 25

the higher the value of Kb

Question 26

the higher the value of Kb

Answer 26

the lower the pKb

Question 27

alkylation of ammonia -forms?

Answer 27

-forms amine and quaternary ammonium salt RX + 2NH3 -----> RNH2 + NH4+ X-

Question 28

alkylation of amine -forms?

Answer 28

-forms a quaternary ammonium salt NR3 + RX -------> NR4+ X-

Question 29

amide formation -which reacts?

Answer 29

-all R's can be H. only 1&2 amines react, not 3 O || R-C-Cl + NHR2 pyridine solvent ---------> O || R-C-NR2 + HCl

Question 30

general formula for amino acid

Answer 30

CH3 O | || NH2 -CH-C-OH

Question 31

zwitter ion for amino acid

Answer 31

R O | || H3N+-CH-C-O-

Question 32

alanine

Answer 32

CH3 O | || H2N-CH-C-OH

Question 33

zwitter ion of alanine

Answer 33

CH3 O | || H3N+ - CH-C-O-