Lab: Exp. 7

Question 1

saponification

Answer 1

treatment of an ester with a base to produce the acid and the alcohol from which the ester is made

Question 2

fats and oils are?

Answer 2

glycerides

Question 3

how is soap made?

Answer 3

by boiling oil in a mixture of alcohol and aqueous sodium hydroxide

Question 4

if the R group of the glycerides are nearly saturated or saturated?

Answer 4

the solids are called fats

Question 5

highly unsaturated glycerides are?

Answer 5

oils due to the double bonds in the R group lowering the melting point

Question 6

solubility of fats and oils in non polar solvents?

Answer 6

they are soluble

Question 7

the head of the soap is? and is what part of a soap molecule?

Answer 7

polar or hydrophilic. in a soap molecule, the head is the ionic part

Question 8

the tail of the soap is? and is what part of a soap molecule?

Answer 8

non polar or hydrophobic. in a soap molecule, the tail is the hydrocarbon chain

Question 9

what is present in hard water? what does it form?

Answer 9

calcium, Mg, and Fe are present. they will form a precipitate with ordinary soap called soap scum

Question 10

reflux is?

Answer 10

a technique involving the condensation of vapors and any vapors given off are cooled back to liquid and fall back into the reaction vessel

Question 11

what is a surfactant?

Answer 11

a compound that lowers the surface tension between two liquids

Question 12

what is an emulsion?

Answer 12

a stable mixture of two or more liquids that normally cannot be mixed