e4 Flashcards by a l

The terminal bronchiole would
=contain lots of surfactant
-be part of the conducting zone
-contain alveoli
-have a diameter greater than the bronchi

BE PART OF THE CONDUCTING ZONE

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Movement of air through the alveolar duct into the alveoli occurs by

DIFFUSION

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Which pressure would be the least at the end of inspiration
-alveolar intrapulmonary pressure
-mouth pressure
-intrapleural pressure
-atmospheric pressure

INTRAPLEURAL PRESS

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Total lung capacity=

Vital capacity + residual volume

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Smoking causes lung damage which leads to tissue loss which can result in
-decreased compliance
-decreased alveolar surface area
-increased elastin

DECREASE in alveolar SA

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If resp frequency is 20 breaths/min, tidal volume is 600mL anddead space is 150 mL, alveolar ventilation is

9 L

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At sea level in a hot and humid place the partial P of O2 in the ALVEOLAR air of a healthy person is

about 100 mmHG

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Which brain region is important for conscious control of breathing
subcortical
medulla oblongata
cerebral cortex
pons

Cerebral cortex

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Structure of the lung facilitates the rate of gas exchange between the alveoli and blood by
Maintaining a high partial pressure of O2 in alveolus
Increasing surface area
Decreasing the thickness of the alveolar/capillary membrane

all of the above

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Fibrosis of the lung
decreases lung compliance
increases lung compliance
increases airway resistance
decreases the airway resistance

decreases lung compliance

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Which is an example of RESTRICTIVE pulmonary lung disease
black lung
copd
emphysema
asthma

black lung

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Gases move between air and blood by
diffusion
primary active transport
facilitated diffusion
secondary active transport

diffusion

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Pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the __ pressures each gas exerts independently

sum

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The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determined by
temp
partial pressure of the gas
solubility
all

all of the above

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a right shift in oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve means…
hemoglobin affinity for oxygen decreases
hemoglobin affinity for oxygen increases
hemoglobin saturation goes above 100%
oxygen cannot bind to hemoglobin

hemoglobin affinity for oxygen DECREASES

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Fetal hemoglobin has a > affinity for O2 than adult hemoglobin, the disassociation curve is
shifted left
or right

left

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Most of the co2 in blood is transported as

HCO3-

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Which of the following is most likely decreasing alveolar PO2
pulmonary edema
asthma attack
anemia

asthma attack

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Sleep apnea (obstructive!) might cause dropped PO2 by decreasing
alveolar po2
ambient po2
hemoglobin levels
aerobic respiration

Alveolar po2

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The __ increases linearly with exercise intensity

heart rate

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Blood flow to __- is similar at rest and exercise

kidney

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The enzyme associated with renal function and control of water and salt balance

RENIN

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What is TRUE of the loop of henle?
the ascending limb reabsorbs NaCl
The descending limb is permeable to water and the descending limb is impermeable to NaCl
The ascending limb is impermeable to water
All

all of the above

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The ascending limb of loop of henle reabsorbs

NaCl

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The descending limb of the loop of henle is permeable to

WATER

The ascending limb of loop of henle is impermeable to

WATEr

The descending limb is impermeable to what compound

NaCl

GFR is increased by dilation of the _ arteriole and constriction of the __ arteriole

Afferent (dilation) Efferent (constriction)

as blood flows through the glomerular capillaries, the oncotic pressure ___

increases

as blood flows through the peritubular capillaries the oncotic pressure will __

decrease

If a substance has a molecular weight greater than 10000 Da and it appears in urine it is ___ but not ___

secreted but not filtered

A normal dehydrated person would have tonicity related as

Loop of henle> glomerular capillary = Glomerular capsule = Proximal tubule > distal convoluted tubule < collecting duct

Which is true About 10% of ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed Most reabsorption occurs paracellularly About 50% of the plasma that enters the glomerular capillary is filtered into the glomerular capsule Water reabsorption from the collecting duct is regulated by ADH effects

Water reabsorption from the collecting duct is regulated by ADH effects

Majority of water and sodium is reabsorbed in the

PCT

Pathway of ultrafiltrate/urine to be excreted goes Glomerular capsule--nephron--___ ___--___--___--___

renal pelvis -- ureter--bladder--urethra

BP from highest to lowest Renal aa> interlobar aa> ___ _____ > ____ ____> ____ ____> peritubular capillaries> interlobular vv> renal vein

Afferent aa> glomerular capillaries> efferent aa

A decrease in the BP below 70 mmHg will cause ___ of the afferent arteriole

VASODILATION

Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole will likely ___ the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

INCREASE

A DECREASE in glomerular filtration rate is caused by ___ of the efferent arteriole

VASODILATION

Which of the following pressures FAVORS net glomerular filtration Colloid osmotic in the plasma Blood hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary Fluid hydrostatic pressure in bowmans space

Blood hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary

Which of the following substances is not normally filtered by the nephron RBCs Glucose Electrolytes Amino acids

RBCS

Obligatory water loss for a human is around 20 L per day T/F

False

Excretion is the process of moving substances from blood into the nephron tubule lumen T/F

False

Approximately 50% of the daily ultrafiltrate produced is excreted as urine T/F

False

Which cell types forms the filtration slits in the glomerulus Sympathetic nerves Vascular smooth mm cells Podocytes

Podocytes

The ultrafiltrate is formed in this part of the nephron Bowmans (glomerular) capsule Collecting duct Glomerular capillary Proximal convoluted tubule

BOWMANS

Almost all of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the glomerular capsule distal convoluted tubule proximal convoluted tubule ascending loop of henle

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

If aldosterone is presetn, K+ is secreted in the ascending loop of henle medullary collecting duct proximal convulated tubule distal convuluted tubule

DCT

Normally 2/3rd of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed at this part of the nephron dct pct cortical collecting duct medullary collecting duct

proximal convuluted tubule

If the renal transport threshold for glucose is not exceeded then it will ___

almost all be reabsorbed

High intensity exercise increase arterial ____ to cause __

[H+] hyperventilation

Which of the following about water distribution in the body is false most of the water is intracellular 20% of the tbw is extracellular water there is more water in the interstitial fluid than in plasma 40% of the TBW is water

40% of the TBW is water

The kidney regulates all of the following except; concentration of electrolytes in plasma synthesis of RBCs ph of Plasma synthesis of plasma protein albumin

synthesis of plasma protein albumin

Which is true the kidneys receive 20-25% of cardiac output internal urethral sphincter is composed of skeletal mm activation of somatic motor neurons causes rhythmic bladder contractions external urethral sphincter is made of smooth muscles

the kidneys receive 20-25% of cardiac output

tidal volume

gas volume inspired or expired in unforced breathing cycle

reserve volumes are ___ and in addition to ___ ___

forced tidal volume

vital capacity

max gas expired after maximum inspiration

inspiratory capacity

max amount inspired after normal tidal expiration

At rest, the intrapleural pressure is always _______ than the atmospheric pressure

less

which gas has the biggest increase in alveolar partial pressure when compared to that found in warm humid atmospheric air? nitrogen carbon dioxide oxygen water vapor

CO2

lung compliance is likely to be decreased by increased fibrosis fewer t1 epithelial cells more t2 epithelial cells release of surfactant

increased fibrosis

e4 Flashcards

(61 cards)