E4: BE and outcomes of prosocial behavior

Question 1

the problem of bystander effects in emergencies

Answer 1

there are 5 steps that lead to helping in an emergency and the bystander effect influences each step

Question 2

what are the 5 steps that lead to someone helping another person in an emergency

Answer 2

-noticing problem
-interpret as emergency
-take responsibility
-decide how to help
-take action

Question 3

the by stander effect and step 1: noticing the problem

Answer 3

if there are more people present, than we are less likely to notice something and therefore less likely to help

Question 4

the BE and step 2: interpreting the situation as an emergency

Answer 4

pluralistic ignorance: everybody is ignorant so when others are present we look to them to decide whether or not something is urgent

other people remaining calm= you do not intervene

Question 5

the BE and step 3: taking responsibility

Answer 5

diffusion of responsibility: we think that the other people around us will help so we do not need to

Question 6

the BE and step 4: decided how to help

Answer 6

we think the other people around us are more competent than us so we wait to let someone else help

Question 7

the BE and step 5: taking action

Answer 7

we get concerned about what the other people around us will think and being embarrassed so we don’t help

Question 8

How does level of danger impact BE and why

Answer 8

The BE goes away when a situation gets more dangerous

higher level of danger = more likely to help BECAUSE the ambiguity of the situation is removed and we feel that the other people around us will keep us safe

Question 9

how to get help when you need it

Answer 9

you ask for it to remove ambiguity and tell someone specific to prevent diffusion of responsibility

Question 10

benefits to helping others

Answer 10

-makes us feel good
-increases SE
-reduces stress

Question 11

what are the limitations to the benefits

Answer 11

-has to be voluntary (over justification effect)

-need to feel like what you did to help was actually helpful and made a difference

Question 12

what happens when we do not help

Answer 12

we feel guilty

Question 13

how does guilt from not helping interact with prejudice

Answer 13

when we see someone being discriminated against but we do not intervene we might become prejudiced ourselves in order to justify our lack of helping

-self justification