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Ear Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Parts of ear

A

External
Middle
Dinner?

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2
Q

External ear components

A

Pinna
external auditory canal (acoustic meatus)

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3
Q

Middle ear components

A

Three Ossicles.
In order of decreasing size:

Malleus- tensor tempani muscle connection

Incus

Stapies- stapedius muscle connection

Stapes smallest bone of body

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4
Q

Inner ear components

A

Cochlea for hearing

Utricle and saccule for linear balance

Semicircular canals for angular balance

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5
Q

Which arch is external ear made up of?

A

Pinna- 1st pharyngeal arch
Rest- 2nd pharyngeal arch

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6
Q

External auditory canal made up of?

A

1st ectodermal cleft

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7
Q

Tympanic membrane made up of?

A

ALL 3 germ layers

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8
Q

1st ectodermal pouch makes?

A

Middle ear
Antrum
Eustachian tube

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9
Q

Ear ossicles made up of which pharyngeal arch?

A

Malleus + incus - ( + tensor tympani muscle) — 1st arch

Stapies + (stapedius muscle) 2nd arch

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10
Q

What is inner ear/cochlea made up of?

A

Neuroectoderm (Ottic placode)

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11
Q

When do pinna and cochlea completely develop?

A

20 weeks of intrauterine life

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12
Q

What are the congenital anomalies of external ears?

A

Incisura terminalis
Darwin’s tubercle
Bat ear
Microtia
Anotia

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13
Q

What is incisura terminalis?

A

It is a point at which the 1 and 2 pharyngeal arches merge.
If there is no fusion, a pre auricular sinus is formed.

There is no infection or complain.

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14
Q

What is Darwin’s tubercle?

A

It’s a conical elevation. Outer curve
Anomaly

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15
Q

What is bat ear deformity?

A

Inner curvature (anti helix) is absent

Plastic reconstruction at 6 to 7 years
Otoplasty

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16
Q

What is microtia and anotia?

A

Microtia- small pinna
Anotia- absence of pinna

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17
Q

What is the tip of malleus called?

A

Umbo

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18
Q

Oval window is attached to which bone?

A

Footplate of stapes

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19
Q

What are the four normal tympanic membrane landmarks?

Study These Flashcards
A

1 lateral process of malleus
2 handle of malleus
3 light reflex (cone of light)
4 tip of umbo most important

20
Q

Tympanic membrane parts

Study These Flashcards
A

Upper part= Pars flaccida -2 layers
Lower part= Pars Tensa- 3 layers (fibrous layer aswell)

21
Q

Pinna haematoma
Dx
Complications
Rx

Study These Flashcards
A

Pt. Will present w Hx of trauma, boxer.

Pooling of blood between cartilage and pericardium due to trauma

Complications: post traumatic ear deformity— cauliflower/ boxers ear

Rx- incision and drainage/ aspiration. + pressure bandage.

22
Q

Nerve supply of pinna

Study These Flashcards
A

Greater auricular nerve

23
Q

External auditory canal size

Study These Flashcards
A

24 mm
Outer 1/3rd cartilage(8mm)
Inner 2/3rd bony

24
Q

Rudimentary openings in external ear

Study These Flashcards
A

fissure if Santorini in cartilaginous part
foremen of Hushke in bony part

Natural defects
Infection may reach parotid gland via

25
Nerve supply of roof and Ant. wall of EAC?
Auriculo-temporal branch of mandibular nerve
26
Nerve sup. of floor and Post. part of EAC?
Auricular branch of vagus nerve **Arnold’s OR Alderman’s** nerve
27
Nerve sup. of postero-superior part of EAC?
Sensory branch of facial nerve **nerve of Winsberg**
28
Ear syringing
50/60 ml **warm water** in **posterosuperior** direction. •If cold water used, pt. Will experience vertigo •In Antero-inferior direction— irritation of Arnold’s nerve (vagus) will cause: -Cough reflex -Sudden vasodilation leading to vasovagal syncope.
29
Localised external ear infection
Furuncle- infection of hair follicle MCC- **S. aureus** Rx- antibiotics + icthamamol glycerin packing (IG)
30
Diffuse external ear infection
Diffuse otitis externa MCC = pseudomonas tropical Singapore swimmers. Rx- only Antibiotics.
31
**Elderly, diabetic,** patient comes with complaints of severe earache, discharge and **features of palsy**. **granulations** in EAC. Dx?
**Malignant otitis externa**
32
Malignant otitis externa
-Severe life threatening infection. Common in immunocompromised (HIV, covid) -MCC- **pseudomonas** -Can spread in skull base — skull base osteomyelitis causing CN palsies ( 9.10.11.12 CN)
33
Most common CN involved in Malignant otitis externa
CN 7
34
Malignant otitis externa Rx
Broad spectrum antibiotics 3rd gen cephalosporins for 6-7 weeks (Ceftriazone.)
35
Wet newspaper appearance seen in which condition?
Otomycosis
36
Otomycosis Dx Rx
Fungal infection of the external ear MCC- aspergillus niger (Black newspaper appearance) 2nd- Candida (Cloudy white) **Main complaint- itching** Rx- aural toilet. Plus antifungal eardrops
37
Bullous Myringitis
Also called myringitis bullosa Blebs or balloons over the tympanic membrane, a complication of infection.
38
Whitish appearance of tympanic membrane?
-Calcification or fibrosis of Tympanic membrane called **tympanosclerosis** -Can be seen after infection -Chalky white appearance
39
Tympanic membrane landmarks, not visible Tympanic membrane sucked in
Retraction of tympanic membrane due to negative pressure generated inside the middle ear that creates a vacuum caused by blockage of eustachian tube. Keratin deposition can also be seen in black colour
40
Child, slapped by teacher, has mild conductive hearing loss. Brought to OPD Dx?
Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation
41
Traumatic Tympanic membrane, perforation Rx?
Reassurance Or Conservative No infection so there will be no treatment as the tympanic membrane is self healing w/I 3-6 months Self resolving condition
42
Middle ear also called?
Tympanum
43
Main function of middle-ear?
Impedance matching
44
What is impedance matching?
In inner ear, we have fluid called endolymph and perilymph. When The sound reaches inside the inner ear, It will be diminished because of a change in medium as there is more resistance in fluid medium. to overcome that, we need to amplify the sound. usually done by the **decreasing size of the ear ossicles** along with the **difference in the surface area of the tympanic membrane and the surface area of the oval window,** causing **amplification** of sound.
45
Nerves along the petrous Apex?
5 and 6 CN
46
Roof of middle-age
Tegmen Tympani above that is Dura matter of brain above that temporal lobe of the brain

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