Ear

Question 1

external ear

Answer 1

all of external ear up to tympanic membrane

Question 2

middle ear

Answer 2

tympanic membrane - innter ear

opens to pharynx through pharyngotympanic tube

Question 3

internal ear

Answer 3

has to do with hearing and balance

Question 4

auricle

Answer 4

external ear
collects sound waves
skin and elastic cartilage
connected with fascia on side of skull via auricular muscles

Question 5

helix

Answer 5

outside curl of ear

Question 6

antihelix

Answer 6

second ear fold inside of helix

Question 7

antitragus

Answer 7

bump of cartilage opposite of tragus

Question 8

intertragic notch

Answer 8

notch between tragus and antitragus

Question 9

sensation from the ear is carried by which nerves?

Answer 9

auriculotemporal

grat auricular

Question 10

tympanic membrane

Answer 10

separates external acoustic meatus from middle ear cavity
fibrous membrane
- layer of skin on lateral side
- mucosa on medial side
concave w central depression (umbo - distal aspect of handle of malleus)
anchored to bone via fibrotartilaginous ring

Question 11

umbo

Answer 11

depression in central tympanic membrane - distal aspecct of handle of malleus

Question 12

general sensation from most of external auditory meatus and external surface of tympanic membrane is carried by which nerve?

Answer 12

auriculotemporal branch of mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)

Question 13

which nerves carry sensation from a portion of the external surface of the tympanic membrane and inferior aspect of the external auditory meatus?

Answer 13

facial(VII) and vagus (X)

Question 14

What may explain a gag reflex in some people?

Answer 14

branches of facial (VII) and vagus (X) carrying sensation from external surface of tympanic membrane and inferior aspect of external auditory meatus

Question 15

what nerve inntervates the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 15

glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 16

name the walls of the tympanic cavity (middle ear)

Answer 16

superior - tegmental
medial (promontory)
lateral (tympanic membrane)
inferior - jugular
anterior - carotid
posterior - mastoid

Question 17

epitympanic recess

Answer 17

space caused by elevation in tegmental wall (superior) of tympanic cavity

Question 18

promontory

Answer 18

convexity in medial wall of tympanic cavity caused by cochlear base

Question 19

aditus

Answer 19

opening in mastoid wall (posterior) of tympanic cavity

leads to mastoid antrum

Question 20

mastoid antrum

Answer 20

space posterior to tympanic cavity

communicates with mastoid air cells

Question 21

oval (vestibular window)

Answer 21

in medial wall of tympanic cavity

covered by stapes

Question 22

round (cochlear) window

Answer 22

in medial wall of tympanic cavity

covered by membrane

Question 23

which nerve travels between malleus and incus

Answer 23

chorda tympani (facial VII)

Question 24

tympanic nerve

Answer 24

branch of glossopharyngeal (IX)
forms tympanic plexus
carried sensory info in middle ear
part of it travels through tympanic cavity as lesser petrosal nerve

Question 25

what are the purpose of the 2 openings in the anterior (carotid) wall of the typanic cavity

Answer 25

tensor tympani muscle | pharyngotympanic tube

Question 26

what is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube

Answer 26

equalize pressure in middle ear

Question 27

tensor tympani

Answer 27

attached to malleus contract in response to loud sounds to protect ear from damage N: mandibular trigeminal v3

Question 28

stapedius

Answer 28

attached to stapes contract in response to lound sounds to protect ear from damage N: facial VII

Question 29

what makes up the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 29

vestibule semicircular canals cochlea

Question 30

ampullae

Answer 30

bulges at base of semicircular canals

Question 31

endolymph

Answer 31

fluid inside membranous labyrinth

Question 32

perilymph

Answer 32

fluid between bony and membranous labyrinth

Question 33

utricle and saccule

Answer 33

membranous dilations inside the bony vestible continuous with endolymphatic duct each have specialized area of sensory epithelium = macula

Question 34

macula

Answer 34

in utricle/saccule specialized area of sensory epithelium contain hair cells embedded in gelatinous layer covered by layer of crystals = otoconia/otoliths

Question 35

otoconia/otoliths

Answer 35

calcium carbonate crystals in maculae shift in position caused by moving head = hair cells stim to tell brain position of head vestibular portion of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 36

crista ampullaris

Answer 36

sensory area within ampulla of semicircular canals | contains hair cells with cilia embedded in gelatinous strucure (cupula)

Question 37

what motion moves endolymph into anterior canal

Answer 37

nod

Question 38

what movement moves endolymph into lateral canal

Answer 38

shaking head no

Question 39

what movement moves endolymph into posterior canal

Answer 39

tilting head to side

Question 40

modiolus

Answer 40

bony core around which the cochlea turns

Question 41

apex of cochlea points

Answer 41

anterolaterally

Question 42

cochlear duct

Answer 42

scala media membranous portion of cochlea concerned with hearing center filled with endolymph

Question 43

vestibular duct

Answer 43

scala vestibule | superior to chochlear duct

Question 44

tympanic duct

Answer 44

scala tympani | inferior to cochlear duct

Question 45

basilar membrane of ear

Answer 45

between cochlear duct and tympanic duct | spiral organ of Corti sits on here

Question 46

organ of corti

Answer 46

sits on basilar membrane | rows of hair cells with cilia in contact with tectorial membrane - attached to bony projectionof modiolus

Question 47

process of hearing

Answer 47

- basilar membrane oscillates in response to waves in endolymph in cochlear duct - hair cells of organ of Corti move - hair cells push against rigid tectorial membrane (against bony modiolus) = deformation - deformation = relay info to brain via cochlear portion of vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 48

spiral gangion

Answer 48

within modiolus | contain cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons of the spiral organ

Question 49

blood supply to bony labyrinth

Answer 49

anterior tympanic artery (maxillary) stylomastiod (posterior auricular) petrosal (middle meiningeal)

Question 50

blood supply to membranous labyrinth

Answer 50

``` labyrinthine artery (anterior inferior cerebellar/basilar a ) travels thorugh internal auditory meatus with facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve) ```