Larynx and Pharynx

Question 1

laryngeal prominence

Answer 1

adams apple

fusion of two plates of thyroid cartilage

Question 2

thyroid notch

Answer 2

v shaped notch in thyroid cartilage

divergence of lamina

Question 3

thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 3

attached thyroid cartilage to hyoid

Question 4

epiglottis

Answer 4

leaf shaped cartilage behind thyroid cartilage

folds over laryngeal inlet when larynx elevated during swallowing

Question 5

thyroepiglottic ligament

Answer 5

attachment of inferior end of epiglottis to thyroid

behind thyroid notch

Question 6

cricoid cartilage

Answer 6

complete ring of cartilage inferior to thyroid cartilage

most inferior of laryngeal cartilages

Question 7

medial/lateral cricothyroid ligaments

Answer 7

between thyroid and cricoid cartilages

anterior/posterior tilting of thyroid c. = change tension of vocal folds

Question 8

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 8

two pyramid shaped cartilages that rest on posterior cricoid cartilages
apex, muscular process, vocal process

Question 9

corniculate cartilages

Answer 9

sit atop apices of arytenoid cartilages

? function - help support aryepiglottic folds during swallowing

Question 10

conus elasticus

Answer 10

membrane from superior-lateral border of cricoid cartilage - arytenoid cartilages
free edges - vocal ligaments

Question 11

cricoarytenoid joints

Answer 11

between cricoid and arytenoid c.
allow movements of arytenoid c
- anterior/posterior tilting = change tension on vocal folds
- adduction/abduction of vocal folds
- medial/lateral rotation = adduction/abduction

Question 12

false vocal folds

Answer 12

vestibular folds
not involved in sound production
superior

Question 13

true vocal folds

Answer 13

inferior
ventricular folds
sound

Question 14

laryngeal vestibule

Answer 14

area of larynx above false folds

Question 15

laryngeal ventricle

Answer 15

space between false and true vocal folds

Question 16

rima flottidis

Answer 16

opening between vocal folds

Question 17

glottis

Answer 17

vocal folds
rima glottidis
narrow part of larynx at level of vocal folds

Question 18

lateral cricoarytenoids

Answer 18

lateral cricoid c - muscular process of arytenoids

A: adduct vocal folds

Question 19

arytenoid muscle

Answer 19

transverse and oblique fibers
between arytenoids
Adduct vocal folds

Question 20

posterior cricoarytenoids

Answer 20

posterior cricoid c - muscular process of arytenoids

abduct vocal folds

Question 21

cricothyroid muscles

Answer 21

anterolateral cricoid c - inferior/interior thyroid c
tilt thyroid c forward
tense vocal folds

Question 22

thyroarytenoids

Answer 22

internal surface anterior thyroid c - arytenoid c
draw arytenoids anteriorly
relax vocal folds

Question 23

vocalis muscle

Answer 23

along sides of vocal ligaments between thyroid and arytenoid cs
relaxes tension on posterior vocal ligaments while maintianing tension anteriorly

Question 24

What arteries mainly bring blood to the larynx

Answer 24

superior/inferior laryngeal arteries

branches of superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 25

superior laryngeal artery

Answer 25

travels through thyrohyoid membrane | runs with internal laryngeal nerve

Question 26

superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 26

branch of vagus (x) | splits into internal and external laryngeal nerves high in neck

Question 27

internal laryngeal nerve

Answer 27

branch off of superior laryngeal (vagus x) enters larynx through thyrohyoid membrane (with superior laryngeal a) sensory info above vocal folds

Question 28

external laryngeal nerve

Answer 28

goes directly to cricothyroid muscle | Innervates cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 29

recurrent laryngeal nerves

Answer 29

branches of vagus x Right - loop around subclavian a Left - loop around aorta dive deep to inferior pharyngeal constrictors once in larynx = inferior laryngeal nerves innervate all muscles of larynx (ex. cricothyroid) Sensory of larynx below vocal folds

Question 30

medial glossoepiglottic fold

Answer 30

connection between base of tongue and epiglottis

Question 31

vallecula

Answer 31

space between tongue and epiglottis

Question 32

piriform recess

Answer 32

depressions lateral to aryepiglottic folds

Question 33

pharynx

Answer 33

extends from cranial base to inferior border to cricoid cartilage/C6

Question 34

3 parts of pharynx

Answer 34

nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

Question 35

nasopharynx

Answer 35

respiratory fxn pharyngeal tonsil tubal tonsil - lymphoid tissue in submucosa of torus tubarius

Question 36

salpingopharyngeus

Answer 36

torus tubarius - pharynx A: raise pharynx with swallowing N: vagus x

Question 37

waldeyer's ring

Answer 37

ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding entrance to pharynx

Question 38

deglutition

Answer 38

swallowing | combination of voluntary and involuntary muscular contractions to move bolus of food

Question 39

swallowing stage 1

Answer 39

voluntary bolus compressed against palate pushed from mouth to oropharynx muscles of tongue and soft palate

Question 40

stage 2 swallowing

Answer 40

involuntary rapid soft palate elevated - closing off nasopharynx pharynx widens and shortens suprahyoid and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract = larynx elevated

Question 41

stage 3 swallowing

Answer 41

involuntary sequential contraction of all 3 pharyngeal constrictors food moves to esophagus

Question 42

superior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 42

O: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior mylohyoid lline, side of tongue I: pharyngeal tubercle (occipital bone), pharyngeal raphe

Question 43

middle pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 43

O: stylohyoid ligament, hyoid I: pharyngeal raphe

Question 44

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 44

O: oblique line of thyroid c, side of cricoid c I: pharyngeal raphe

Question 45

what innervates pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 45

vagus

Question 46

palatopharyngeus

Answer 46

O: hard palate, palatine aponeurosis I: posterior lamina thyroid c, side of pharynx A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing N: vagus x

Question 47

salpingopharyngeus

Answer 47

O: pharyngotympanic tube I: blends with palatopharyngeus A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing N: vagus x

Question 48

stylopharyngeus

Answer 48

O: styloid process I: thyroid cartilage, blends with palatopharyngeus A: elevation of pharynx during swallowing N: glossopharyngeal IX