Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Head and Neck > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

(48 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Features of external ear

A

Pinna, helix, anti helix, tragus, anti tragus, external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Features of middle ear

A

Ossicles- malleus, incus, stapes
Eustachian tube
Air filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Features of inner ear

A

Cochlea, semicircular canals, fluid filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What epithelium lines the inner ear

A

Respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What innervation is there to the external ear

A

C2/3, 5, 7, 9, 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What nerve does special sensory

A

Vestibulocochlear

CN8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What innervation is there to middle ear

A

CN 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the external ear

A

Collect, transmit, focus waves onto membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What epithelium lines the external ear

A

Keratinising, stratified, squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the external ear self clean

A

Desquamation and skin migration laterally

Epithelial migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of middle ear

A

Amplify and relay vibrations from membrane to oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles that tamper ossicle movement

A

Facial nerve to stapedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens if the facial nerve is damage

A

Acoustic reflex dampened = loud noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the Eustachian tube

A

Equilibration of middle ear pressure with atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is negative pressure created in middle ear

A

Mucous membrane constantly reabsorbs air to create negative pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of inner ear

A

Hearing and position sense balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus

A

Semicircular ducts, saccule, utricle with sterocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are children more prone to ear issues

A

Shorter and more horizontal ET. Easier for passage of infections from nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is important about the relation of middle ear to other structures

A

Close to mastoid bone and air cells, ET tube, facial nerve
All routes for middle ear infections to spread.
Can also spread intracranially as close to internal carotid, sigmoid sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are sound waves translated

Study These Flashcards
A

Cochlea is fluid filled with stereocilia that generate AP when moved by oval window.
Wave-vibrates-ossicles-stapes on window-fluid moves-stereocilia sense-trigger AP via CN8-primary auditory cortex.

21
Q

How is position and balance sensed

Study These Flashcards
A

Head moves- causing fluid to move around vestibular apparatus- bends stereocilia - AP generated via CN8 to brain

22
Q

What is pinna haematoma

Study These Flashcards
A

Subperichondrial bleed depriving cartilage of blood supply leading to necrosis

23
Q

Perichondritis

Study These Flashcards
A

Infection involving connective tissue layer

24
Q

What is otitis externa

Study These Flashcards
A

Inflammation of external ear

Pain, itch, hearing loss, unlateral

25
What is risk factor of Otitis externa
Swimming
26
How to treat Otitis externa
Dry and antibiotics
27
What rare thing can otitis externa lead to
Malignant otitis externa- bacterial infection that can invade and errode Diabetics and immunosuppressed
28
What is acute otitis media and how does it present
Inflammation and middle ear with bulging membrane, otalgia, red Usually viral but can be Strep p or H. Influenzae
29
What is otitis media with effusion and how does it present
Glue ear ET tube dysfunction Retracted and fluid filled middle ear
30
Why hearing loss with glue ear
Hearing loss and mobility of membrane and ossicles decreased
31
How can you treat glue ear
Grommet
32
What is Cholestaetoma
Retraction of pars flaccida to form sac Traps strat squamous cells and keratin Proliferates Normally secondary to ET dysfunction as neg pressure pulls in membrane
33
What can cholesteatoma lead to
Enzymatic bone destruction of ossicles of middle ear, inner ear and skull
34
What is otosclerosis and what causes it
Commonest cause of hearing loss in young Ossicles fuse at articulations due to abnormal bone growth esp stapes and window Gradual uni or bilateral Genetic or environmental
35
What i presbycusis
Sensorineural hearing loss associated with age | Conditions that affect CN 8
36
What is Labrinthitis
Inflammation of nerve to ear Acute or acute vestibular (no hearing loss) Presents with vomiting and vertigo Normally history of upper resp tract infection
37
What is Meniere's disease
``` Vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus Unilateral 30 mins to 24hrs Feeling of fullness in ear ? too much endolymph ```
38
What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and how is it different to Meniere's
Short lived vertigo Triggered by head movement Crystal in tubes Affects vestibular apparatus only so just vertigo no hearing loss
39
What does a normal membrane look like
``` Not retracted or bulging Pearly grey Translucent Respond to pressure changes Pars flaccida and tensa- small vs larger, lack of fibrous layer vs tough fibrous later ```
40
Webber's test
Tuning fork on top of head | Finds origin of hearing loss and damage
41
Rinne's test
Tuning fork touching ear then held next to ear | Unilateral comparison of bone to air conduction
42
Negative Rinne test
Can't hear when held next to ear = conductive
43
Positive Rinne test
Air conduction more efficient than bone = sensorineural
44
If louder on affected side
Conductive
45
If quieter on affected side
Sensorineural
46
Conductive vs sensorineural hearing loss
``` Conductive= middle and external ear Sensorineural = inner ear and CN 8 ```
47
Example of sensorineural
Presbycusis, noise related, menieres, ototoxic meds, neuroma
48
Example of conductive
Wac, acute otitis media, glue ear, otosclerosis

Head and Neck (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions