Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEENT Clin Med > Ear disorders > Flashcards

Ear disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of hearing impairment in elderly

A

cerumen impaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What factors can increase cerumen impaction

A

qtip abuse
hearing aids
narrow ear canal
dermatologic conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is another name for otitis externa

A

swimmers ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are physical signs of otitis externa

A

Painful tragus
swollen ear canal
blocked by debris
cant see TM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes otitis externa

A

Bacteria
Fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which bacterial organisms can cause otitis externa

A

Psuedamonas
S. Aureus
Klebsiella
Ecoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What fungi cause otitis externa

A

Aspergillus
Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

A

Zoster otitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Ramsay hunt syndrome present

A

Severe pain w/ facial paralysis

hearing loss/ vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the biggest concern with zoster oticus

A

Vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you treat otitis externa

A

clean ear canal
acidify ear w/ acetic or Boric acid
Keep water out of hear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some antibacterial ototopicals

A

Cortisporin (Neomycin, polymyxin B, Hydrocortisone)

Fluoroquinolones ( Cipro / otofloxacin drops)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some antifungal ototopicals

A

Clotrimazole
nystatin
voraconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of an ear wick (Pope sponge)

A

Keeps canal patent
keeps meds in contact w/ canal
leave in for 3-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can cause an auricular hematoma

A

Blunt trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would an auricular hematoma be describes

A

fluctuant anterior ear swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you treat a auricular hematoma

A

I&D
anti-staph antibiotics
compressive dressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are dangerous foreign bodies for the ear canal

A

beans
button batteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the best way to remove foreign bodies from the ear canal

A

with an otoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If there is an insect in the ear canal, what has to be done prior to removal

A

Drown them with mineral oil or lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the Eustachian tube

A

connection of the middle ear and nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 functions of the eustachian tue

A

equalizes pressure in the middle ear

Drain mucus produced in middle ear

Prevents fluid reflux into middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is the Eustachian tube normally open or closed

A

closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes the Eustachian tube to open

A

by palate muscles (yawning /swallowing etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What allows Eustachian tube to close after opening

A

tissue elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the underlying cause for most middle ear problems

A

Eustachian tube disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What can cause obstructions in the Eustachian tube

A

adenoid hypertrophy

nasopharyngeal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is patulous Eustachian tube (PET)

A

TM moves with nasal respiration

Can cause rapid Weight loss

Autophony (Bucket over head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What can cause Eustachian tube dysfunction

A

Nasal mucosa disease
Allergies
Viral URI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How can a patulous Eustachian tube be treated

A

estrogen nasal drops (Females)
Weight stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

if the TM is red and bulging, what is the dx

A

acute otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What can cause a TM perforation

A

infection
ET dysfunction
penetrating trauma
skull base fracture
pressure changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are some tests for TM perforation

A

pneumotoscopy
tuning fork exm
audiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do you treat a TM perforations

A

most close with time
keep water out of ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When do you consider surgery with TM perforations

A

if its non healing after 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the 2 types of otitis media

A

serous
suppurative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the 2 durations of otitis media

A

acute
chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are 2 designations of otitis media

A

w/ and w/o perforations

39
Q

What is otitis media with effusion (OME)

A

Presence of fluid in the middles with without signs or symptoms of an acute ear infection

40
Q

What is recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM)

A

Mulitple episodes of AOM with symptom free periods

41
Q

What is chronic otitis media with effusion (COME)

A

persistent fluid in middle ear
no signs of inflammation (fever /otalgia)

42
Q

What can be the cause of AOM

A

URI
allergic rhinitis
ETD
*Can be serous or suppurative

43
Q

What are some high risk groups for AOM

A

trisomy 21
immune deficiency
native americas

44
Q

How do you treat serous otitis media

A

treat underlying illness -> no antibiotics needed

45
Q

What type of surgical intervention can be used with acute serous otitis media

A

tympanocentesis
myringotomy

46
Q

What is the most causative agent os acute suppurative OM

A

Virus
S. Pneumonia

47
Q

How do you treat uncomplicated suppurative AOM

A

Amoxicillin
if PCN allergy -> Erythromycin w/ bactrim

48
Q

What aural antibiotics can be used with suppurative AOM w/ perforations

A

fluoroquinolone drops

49
Q

What are complications of otitis media

A

facial paralysis
mastoiditis*
subperiosteal abscess
meningitis
brain abscess

50
Q

If an adult has unilateral OM, what should you be concerned for

A

nasopharyngeal mass blocking the Eustachian tube

51
Q

What are the indications for tubes for AOM

A

Recurrent AOM (>3 episodes in 6months or >4 in 12 months)

52
Q

What is the most common reason for tube placement

A

chronic non-suppurative otitis media

53
Q

When are patients with chronic OM referred to a specialist

A

severe TM retraction
Failure to improve in 2-3 months
persistent unilateral effusion
significant hearing loss in children

54
Q

What is a cholesteatoma

A

Keratoma or skin where is does not belong

*surgical disease

55
Q

how does acute mastoiditis present

A

persistent otorrhea > 3wks
persistent fever despite abx
pain behind ear, worse at night
hearing loss
elevated WBC

56
Q

What is the treatment for acute mastoiditis

A

mastoidectomy

57
Q

What is oscillopsia

A

Jumping images

58
Q

What are the areas responsible for maintaining equilibrium

A

eyes
labyrinth
CNS

59
Q

How do you workup vertigo

A

audiology (assess peripheral vestibular system)

Imaging (assess CNS)

Blood test (assess systemic causes)

60
Q

What are some differentials for vertigo

A

congenital disorders
neoplastic syndromes

61
Q

What is the gold standard for imaging with vertigo

A

MRI with gadolinium

62
Q

What is the most important test with vertigo workup

A

audiogram

63
Q

What is the most common cause of vertigo

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

64
Q

What will cause classic BPPV

A

placing the effected ear downward

65
Q

What characteristic eye movement is associated with vertigo

A

nystagmus

66
Q

What is a positive Dix- Hallpike pathognomonic for

A

BPPV
*negative test is meaningless

67
Q

What is meneires syndrome

A

condition of excess pressure accumulation in the inner ear

68
Q

What are the 4 main features of meneires disease

A

attacks of vertigo
fluctuating hearing loss
tinnitus
aural fullness

69
Q

What is a canalith repositioning procedure

A

Employ maneuver

70
Q

How do you treat meneires disease

A

low salt diet
diuretics
vasodilatos
intratympanic gentamycin

71
Q

What signs of vertigo should lead you to a central lesion

A

constant mystagmus
constant vertigo
vertical nystagmus
vertigo w/o nystagmus
nystagmus w/o vertigo

72
Q

When in life does the greatest hearing loss occur

A

between 60-69

73
Q

What is the strongest predictor of hearing loss

A

age

74
Q

What are the two types of hearing loss

A

conductive
Sensorineural (SNHL)

75
Q

What causes conductive hearing loss

A

from something that stops sounds from getting through the outer/middle ear

76
Q

What are the s/sx of labrynthitis

A

vertigo
N/V
ear pressure / fullness
hearing loss
tinnitus

77
Q

What are the s/sx of cochlear neuritis

A

ear pressure/fullness
hearing loss
tinnitus

78
Q

What are the s/sx of vestibular neuritis

A

vertigo
N/V

79
Q

What are the common reasons for conductive hearing loss

A

blockage of ear canal
perf ear drum
problems with ossicles
fluid in middle ear

80
Q

How do you begin treatment for acute prostrating vertigo

A

fluid
stop N/V
Valium

81
Q

What is the most common type of hearing loss

A

SNHL

82
Q

What is occurring with SNHL

A

pathology /damage of cochlea, auditory nerve, or CNS

83
Q

What are the common causes of SNHL

A

Loud noises
genetic factors
natural aging process

84
Q

What are s/sx of acoustic neuroma

A

unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

85
Q

What is the cause of sudden sensorineural hearing loss

A

acoustic neuroma

86
Q

What test can confirm tympanic membrane mobility

A

tympanometry testing

87
Q

What are the different tests for hearing

A

air conducting test
bone conducting test

88
Q

What is otosclerosis

A

gradual stiffening of the ossicles = progressive hearing loss

*can be unilateral or bilateral

*more common in females

89
Q

What is presbycusis

A

age related hearing loss

*generally high pitched sounds

90
Q

How do you treat conductive hearing loss

A

medical treatment
hearing aids
surgery

91
Q

How do you treat SNHL

A

conventional hearing aids of implantable devices

92
Q

Which children do you suspect hearing concerns in

A

children with speech delays

93
Q

What is tinnitus

A

the perception of noise in the absence of an acoustic stimulus outside the body (ringing in ears)

94
Q

What is the most common identifiable cause of tinnitus

A

SNHL

HEENT Clin Med (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions