Early Britain Flashcards
(37 cards)
Who were the first people to live in Britain, in what period?
Hunter-gatherers who came to UK following their herds of deer and horses
This was at the start of the Stone Age when Britain was still connected to the continent by a land of bridge.
When did Britain become separated from the continent and how?
The Channel separated Britain from the continent 10,000 years ago
When did the first farmers arrive in Britain, and from where?
About 6,000 years ago, probably from south-east Europe
What did the first farmers build?
Houses, Tombs and Monuments
What is Stonehenge?
It was a monument built as a special gathering place for seasonal ceremonies.
It still stands now in the English county of Wiltshire
What is Skara Brae?
Best-preserved prehistoric village in northern Europe, in Orkney, off the north coast of Scotland.
It helped archaeologists to understand how people lived near the end of the Stone Age.
What is the Bronze age?
When did it begin?
It began 4,000 years ago when people learned to make objects including tools, weapons and ornaments out of bronze and gold.
What type of house did people of Bronze Age live in?
And where did they bury the dead in?
The people lived in roundhouses
They buried their dead in tombs called barrows.
Which Age followed the Bronze Age?
Iron Age - when people learned to make weapons and tools out of iron
What type of house did people of Iron Age live in?
Roundhouses grouped in larger settlements sometimes protected by hill forts
What is Maiden Castle?
Famous Iron Age hill fort which still stands in the English county of Dorset.
What was the language spoken during Iron Age?
Celtic
related languages still spoken in Wales, Scotland and Ireland
What marked the beginnings of British history?
The sophisticated culture and economy of the Iron Age
The ppl of Iron Age were the first to make coins.
When did Julius Caesar lead his unsuccessful Roman invasion of Britain?
55 BC
When was Britain successfully invaded by the Roman army and who led the invasion?
AD 43 by the Roman Emperor Claudius
There was some resistance by the British tribes
Who was Boudicca?
Queen of the Iceni (eastern England) - important tribal leader who fought against the Romans
Statue of her made on Westminster Bridge in London, near the Houses of Parliament
Did the Romans conquer all of UK?
Scotland wasn’t conquered by the Romans
The Picts (Scottish ancestors) were kept out of the Roman Empire by walls and forts built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian
What are the forts of Housesteads and Vindolanda?
Forts along Hadrian’s Wall which still stand today.
They are popular for walkers and are UNESCO World Heritage Site.
How long did the Romans stay in Britain and what changes did they bring?
Romans stayed in Britain for 400 years
They built roads and public buildings, created a structure of law, and introduced new plants and animals.
When did the first Christian communities begin to appear in Britain?
Around the 3rd and 4th century AD
What happened in AD 410 when the Roman Army left Britain to defend other parts of the Roman Empire?
Invasions by tribes from northern Europe: the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons
When were the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms established in Britain?
AD 600 - mainly in England
Which regions remained relatively free of Anglo-Saxon rule?
Parts of the west of Britain, including much of what is now Wales, and Scotland
What is the significance of Sutton Hoo in modern Suffolk?
It was the burial place of one of the kings of Anglo-Saxon kingdom.
This king was buried with treasure and armour, all placed in a ship which was then covered by a mound of earth.
