Early Childhood: Cognitive Development Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the second stage in Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
Preoperational Stage
Characterized by inflexible and irreversible mental manipulation of symbols, lasting from age 2 to 7.
What is symbolic play?
Play in which children make believe that objects and toys are other than what they are
Also termed pretend play.
What is egocentrism in the context of early childhood development?
Putting oneself at the center of things, unable to perceive the world from another person’s point of view.
What is precausal thought?
A type of thought where natural cause-and-effect relationships are attributed to will and other preoperational concepts.
Define transductive reasoning.
Reasoning from the specific to specific.
What is animism?
The attribution of life and intentionality to inanimate objects.
What does artificialism refer to in cognitive development?
The belief that environmental features were made by people.
What is the principle of conservation?
Properties of substance remain the same when superficial characteristics are changed.
What is centration?
Focusing on one dimension of a situation while ignoring others.
What is reversibility in cognitive development?
Lack of recognition that actions can be reversed.
What is class inclusion?
The principle that one category can include several subclasses.
True or False: Piaget believed that children do not differentiate reality from appearances until age 7 or 8.
True.
What is scaffolding in early childhood education?
Temporary support provided by a parent or teacher to help a child perform a task.
Define the Zone of Proximal Development.
The gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with help.
What does the HOME measurement assess?
Children’s home environments.
How does the home environment affect cognitive development?
Linked to intellectual development and later academic achievement.
What is fast mapping in vocabulary development?
A process of quickly determining a word’s meaning.
What is the whole-object assumption?
The assumption that words refer to whole objects rather than their parts.
What is overregularization in grammar development?
Application of regular grammatical rules to irregular verbs and nouns.
Define pragmatics in language development.
The practical aspects of communication, adapting language to fit social situations.
According to Piaget, does cognitive development precede or follow language development?
Precedes.
What is private speech, according to Vygotsky?
Language that originates in vocalization to regulate behavior, becoming internalized by age 6 or 7.
What is the difference between recognition and recall in memory tasks?
Recognition involves indicating previously experienced information, while recall requires reproducing material without cues.
What are scripts in the context of memory?
Abstract generalized accounts of familiar repeated events.
